Chapter 1 intro to psych Flashcards
What professional organization represents psychologists in the U.S.?
American Psychological Association (APA)
What focuses on observing and controlling behavior?
Behaviorism
What is the study of how biology influences behavior?
Biopsychology
What model asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual’s health?
Biopsychosocial Model
What area of psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior?
Clinical psychology
What is the study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationships to experience and actions?
Cognitive psychology
What is the area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individals?
Counseling psychology
What psychology is the scientific study of development across a lifespan?
Developmental psychology
What is functionalism?
Focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment
What is humanism?
A perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans
What is introspection?
Process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts
What psychology studies patterns of thought and behaviors that make each individual unique?
personality psychology
What is a personality trait?
Consistent pattern of thought and behavior
What is psychanalytic theory?
A theory that focuses on the role of he unconscious in affecting conscious behavior
What is psychology?
scientific study of the mind and behavior
What is structuralism?
Understanding the conscious experience through introspection
What area of psychology focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities?
sports and exercise psychology
Who founded structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt, 1879
Who founded functionalism?
William James
Who founded psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud
Who is the father of behaviorism?
John B Watson
Who founded humanism? (2)
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Who was involved with Gestalt psychology? (3)
Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler
What is Gestalt psychology?
Focuses on humans as a whole rather than individual parts
Who was considered the first psychologists?
German scientists Wilhelm Wundt
Who was the first American psychologist?
William James
What did Abraham Maslow propose?
The hierarchy of needs: as long as basic needs are met then higher levels needs would begin to motivate behavior
What did Carl Rogers suggest 3 things a therapist need to display?
- empathy
- genuineness
- unconditional positive regard
Who was the first woman to earn a doctorate in Psychology?
Margaret Floy Washburn
Who discovered the concept of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
