Chapter 1: Intro and History Flashcards
Cognition
The process of knowing
Neuroscience
Study of the nervous system
Mind
What the brain does
David Marr
Created 3 levels of analysis
Computational level
What’s the purpose of behaviors?
Algorithmic level
Method, the “recipe”
Implementation level
What runs the algorithm?
Do we need all three levels to understand behavior?
Usually, no
Aristotle believed the “seat of the mind” was in the _______.
Heart
Descartes’ theory was called _______.
Dualism
Dualism
The view that mind is distinct and separate from the brain
Baruch Spinoza’s theory was called _______.
Dual aspect theory
Dual aspect theory
The view that the mental and the physical are two aspects of, or perspectives on, the same substance.
Thomas Willis
Dissected human brains to create accurate visual representations of their anatomy
Phrenology
As different parts of the brain are used, they grow larger (NOT TRUE) also used to support racist biases/beliefs
Phrenology supported the claim that the brain’s function is _______.
localized
Aggregate field view
The brain’s function is NOT localized
Phineas Gage
He suffered an injury that left his left frontal lobe destroyed, leading his personality to shift dramatically
Broadmann areas
The Brodmann areas are a way of mapping the cortex and its distinguished functions
Hughlings Jackson
Conducted research on epilepsy
Jean Pierre Flourens
Took the brains of innocent birds and decided localization wasn’t real (Dumb)
Golgi and Cajal
Ramón y Cajal used Camillo Golgi’s staining
methods to bring out differences in nerve cells.
(1888).
Rationalism vs. Empiricism
R - based on thought alone
E - Based on evidence and the scientific method
Ed Thorndike
Kitties in boxes :( Law of effect
Law of effect
Behaviors that are followed by something
pleasant or desired are likely to be repeated.
Behaviors that are followed by something
unwanted are less likely to be repeated.
Results of behavior are the mechanism for
establishing an adaptive response.
