chapter 1 EXAM 1 Flashcards
what are the cardinal principles of radiation protection
time
distance
shielding
what is the most effective means of protection
Distance, but using all 3 is the best
xrays are a form of what kind of radiation
ionizing radiation
consequences of ionization in human cells
- unstable atoms
- free electrons
- low energy xray photons
- free radicals capable of producing poisonous substances to the cell
- creation of new biologic molecules harmful to cell
- injury to the cell that may cause abnormal or loss of function
what are the 4 things radiographers do to minimize damage to biologic tissue
- be educated in safe operation of equipment
- use protective devices when possible
- follow established procedures
- select optimal technique factors
radiation safety is the responsibility of who
the imaging personnel
radiation protection
the effective measures employed by radiation workers to safeguard pts. personnel and general public from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation
what are the 2 main adverse biologic effects
cancer and genetic defects
diagnostic efficacy
the degree to which the diagnostic study accurately reveals the presence or absence of disease in the pt.
basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified.
diagnostic efficacy =
imaging procedure/practice justified by physician—–minimal radiation exposure ——> optimal images produced —-> presence or absence of disease shown
T or F
radiation induced cancer follows a non-threshold response so radiation exposures should always be kept ALARA
True
meaning there is no dose that is safe. any exposure has ppotential to cause biologic damage
ALARA is synonymous with the term
ORP
Optimization for Radiation Protection
what is they international term for ALARA
ORP
what to do to reduce dose to the patient
reduce amount of beam on time
use as much distance between tube and pt.
use appropriate sheilding
what to do to reduce dose to personnel
reduce time spent in the room during exposures
increase distance from the beam
use lead shielding between radiographer and machine
employers responsibility
implement and maintain effective radiation safety program to execute ALARA
provide written policy statement
have a radiation safety officer manage ALARA program
perform periodic exposure audits
workers responsibility
be aware of radiation safety rules
perform duties consistent with ALARA
RSO is
radiation safety officer
risk
probability of injury ailment or death resulting from an activity
for radiation sciences the risk after irradiation is including
radiogenic carcinoma genetic defects (heritable effects)
when patients ask are xrays safe
tell patients that for normal diagnostic exams there are no existing data of nay unsafe effects from the xrays used in the exam
when patients ask about the amount of radiation
more difficult to answer
the dose is measured in a bunch of different units and patients have a hard time comprehending. so use BERT
what does BERT stand for
Background Equivalent Radiation Time
what is BERT
method to help educate and reduce patient’s fear and anxietty about the dose received for xray exams
