Chapter 1, Exam #1

Question 1

Sensitization

Answer 1

the increase in intensity of a reflex response due to frequent exposure (becoming more sensitive to gunfire in a high crime area)

Question 2

Reflex

Answer 2

simple involuntary response produced by a specific stimuli (puff of air in eye makes you blink

Question 3

voluntary response

Answer 3

responses that are primarily controlled by the organism instead of by an unconditioned stimulus and mediated by the somatic nervous system

Question 4

sensory receptors

Answer 4

proximal stimulus (touch pain vision)

Question 5

selective attention

Answer 5

we see what captures our attention, interests us, or what we cannot avoid

Question 6

Central nervous system

Answer 6

includes the brain and spinal cord, stores and processes info that it receives from the environment and other parts of the body then sends messages to other parts of the body

Question 7

Somatic nervous system

Answer 7

type of peripheral nervous system. controls voluntary responses (muscles tendons ligaments)

Question 8

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

component of the autonomic nervous system that controls the body when the organism is in a quiet, restful state (peace)

Question 9

habituation

Answer 9

the lowering of the intensity of a reflex response due to repeated stimulation (not acting as strongly to needles if diabetic)

Question 10

modal action (fixed action) pattern

Answer 10

one of several types of involuntary responses that is characterized by being an interrelated set of actions involving the whole animal (not just the reaction of part of the animal) specific to a given species, fixed and inflexible, and produced by a single (releasing) stimulus (spider spinning a web)

Question 11

involuntary respons

Answer 11

a variety of responses types that are usually produced by a limited set of stimuli and primarily mediated by the autonomic nervous system (reflex, instinct)

Question 12

visual adaption

Answer 12

the process by which the visual system alters its operating properties in response to changes in the environment

Question 13

perceptual set

Answer 13

auditory, haptic, orientation, savory, and visual

Question 14

peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

the part of the nervous system that extends out into the peripheral parts of the body

Question 15

autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

type of peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary responses (breathing, heart rate, sweating)

Question 16

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

component of the autonomic nervous system that controls the body when the organism is in a state of stress or excitement ( dear, anger)

Question 17

3 major domains of psychology

Answer 17

emotion, cognition, behavior

Question 18

The basic definition of learning

Answer 18

a hypothetical process which produces a relatively permanent change in behavior, cognition, or emotion as a result of experience

Question 19

what is stimulus?

Answer 19

energy that contacts a sensory organ (eye, ear, skin) and produces a physiological or behavioral reaction in an organism

Question 20

what is the difference between a stimulus and a response?

Answer 20

a stimulus is a change in an organisms surroundings which causes it to respond. a response is an organisms reaction to a specific stimulus

Question 21

what is the difference between sensation and perception?

Answer 21

sensation is physical energy actioning on a sense organ and perception gives meaning to a sensory input

Question 22

What are the major sensory receptors?

Answer 22

touch pain and vision

Question 23

Distal, proximal, and perceived stimulus

Answer 23

Distal stimulus- the actual object being perceived
Proximal stimulus- the “photo” of stimulus to eyes, things as they are
Perceived stimulus- the perception that your mind creates

Question 24

Why doesn’t perception accurately reflect the real-world stimulus environment?

Answer 24

Stimulus filtering - distal stimuli that never reach our sensory equipment (color)

Selective perception - we only se and hear what captures our attention, what interests us, or what we can’t avoid

Illusions - distorted reality
Hallucinations - seeing things that are not there at all

Question 25

How does expectation and hypnosis alter our perception of pain?

Answer 25

by cutting out outside cues (left hand numb) similar to expectations, because if you expect it to hurt in your right hand it will, but because the left is “numb” you wont

Question 26

Haptics system

Answer 26

exploratory system, recognizing objects through touch, combination of sensation and hand position

Question 27

Auditory system

Answer 27

frequency, amplitude, and ability to locate source of sound

Question 28

Savory system

Answer 28

(gustatory and olfactory) taste and smell, consume good things and not bad things

Question 29

Orientation system

Answer 29

finding your way around and recognizing familiar surroundings

Question 30

Visual system

Answer 30

humans are very visual and would hate to lose their sight

Question 31

How does the brain cope with vast amounts of incomplete and confusing sensory information?

Answer 31

eyes dart around so the sharp spot- brain sees everything interesting compensates for blind spot through the several different images it has been given. Brains make sense of incomplete situations in an attempt to keep us out of danger before it arises

Question 32

what are the four response measures?

Answer 32

Form/typography- clumsy to coordinated.
Frequency- increase to decrease in number.
Strength- force to durability. Speed/latency- quickness to response

Question 33

what is the difference between behavioral and cognitive approach?

Answer 33

behavior is what we do, study observable behavior. Cognitive is what we know, mental processes