Chapter 1 end of quiz

Question 1

While George takes the bus home, he is thinking about how to resolve a difficult issue at work. This is an example of the mind ___.
a. as a problem solver
b. as a key to memory
c. as a source of normal functions
d. as a tool of creativity

Answer 1

a. as a problem solver

Question 2

Which of the following terms best reflects the concept of cognition?
a. behaviors
b. processes
c. ideas
d. memories

Answer 2

b. processes X

Question 3

Joe and Meg are doing a study in psychology. Joe is asked to push a button as soon as he sees a red light, whereas Meg is asked to push a red button if she sees a red light and a green button if she sees a green light. From the information, who appear(s) to be involved in a task measuring choice reaction time?
a. only Joe
b. only Meg
c. neither Joe nor Meg
d. both Joe and Meg

Answer 3

b. only Meg X

Question 4

Which one of these early pioneers in cognitive psychology was the first to undertake quantitative measurements of mental processes?
a. Donders
b. Ebbinghaus
c. James
d. Wundt

Answer 4

b. Ebbinghaus

Question 5

___ founded behaviorism which ___ the study of inner mental processes.
a. John Watson; rejected
b. John Watson; accepted
c. William James; rejected
d. William James; accepted

Answer 5

a. John Watson; rejected

Question 6

An animal might learn how to navigate a maze through the use of ___.
a. the savings curve
b. analytic introspection
c. a cognitive map
d. artificial intelligence

Answer 6

c. a cognitive map

Question 7

Noam Chomsky argued that language development was primarily determined by ___.
a. reinforcement
b. imitation
c. biological processes
d. cultural differences

Answer 7

c. biological processes X

Question 8

The United Negro College fund organization once used the marketing slogan “A mind is a terrible thing to waste.” Conceptually, the organization was stating that the human mind is _________.
a. inefficient
b. valuable
c. functional
d. intelligent

Answer 8

b. valuable x

Question 9

The predominant theme of the information-processing approach holds that the operation of the mind occurs ___.
a. only through observed behaviors
b. via unconscious processes
c. through reinforcement
d. in a number of stages

Answer 9

d. in a number of stages

Question 10

In Broadbent’s flow diagram of attention, messages first enter a(n) ___
a. paradigm
b. filter
c. detector
d. cognitive map

Answer 10

b. filter

Question 11

In a classic paper from the 1950s, George Miller argued that the information-processing capacity of the mind is ___.
a. unlimited
b. limited to about 7 items
c. limited to about 32 items
d. impossible to measure

Answer 11

b. limited to about 7 items

Question 12

Which of the following has become one of the dominant approaches in contemporary psychology?
a. analytic introspection
b. information processing
c. psychoanalysis
d. structuralism

Answer 12

b. information processing

Question 13

As Latoya sat down to take her final exam in European History, what did she draw upon to answer the 100 questions?
a. episodic memory
b. procedural memory
c. sensory memory
d. long-term memory

Answer 13

d. long-term memory

Question 14

Which of the following would play a key role in research on the physiology of cognition?
a. analytic introspection
b. functional magnetic resonance imaging
c. operant conditioning
d. cognitive mapping

Answer 14

b. functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 15

If you are thinking about experiences about a previous vacation, then you are most likely making use of ___ memories.
a. sensory
b. procedural
c. semantic
d. episodic

Answer 15

d. episodic X

Question 16

According to Miller, which of the following would be the shortest password that a person would have difficulty remembering?
a. 73A8
b. 5KBN37
c. 4LP91DMG
d. 8C3FT65L51

Answer 16

c. 4LP91DMG

Question 17

The periodic table that identifies iron as having the symbol FE and an atomic number of 26 is conceptually similar to which of the following?
a. Tolman’s cognitive mapping
b. Miller’s “seven items” concept
c. Ebbinghaus’s two-day savings curve
d. Wundt’s structural sensations

Answer 17

d. Wundt’s structural sensations

Question 18

You studied a lot of information to ace this quiz. According to Ebbinghaus, when will the rate at which you begin to forget the information begin to level off?
a. 4 hours
b. 18 hours
c. 2 days
d. 7 days

Answer 18

c. 2 days X

Question 19

Which of the following correctly pairs a researcher with a core concept of their work?
a. Watson—sensation
b. Broadbent—imaging
c. Tulving—cognitive maps
d. James—attention

Answer 19

d. James—attention

Question 20

Which of the following would best fit Watson’s approach to psychological research?
a. having people run a maze then draw it
b. watching people react to a scary movie
c. scanning the brains of people doing math
d. listening to people describe an experience

Answer 20

b. watching people react to a scary movie

Question 21

In an experiment, a rat can choose between hitting a blue button (which provides a snack) or a yellow button (which provides a shock). In each round of the experiment, the buttons may or may not switch colors. This experiment combines elements of which two researchers?
a. Miller and Donders
b. Donders and Skinner
c. Watson and Ebbinghaus
d. Tolman and Watson

Answer 21

b. Donders and Skinner

Question 22

Which of the following researchers would most likely subscribe to the adage that “seeing is believing”?
a. Watson
b. Tolman
c. McCarthy
d. Broadbent

Answer 22

a. Watson
Direct observation

Question 23

The decline in shopping at brick-and-mortar stores and the explosion of online shopping can be considered a shift in _____.
a. semantics
b. paradigms
c. cognitive maps
d. sensations

Answer 23

b. paradigms

Question 24

Being able to hear a friend talk to you while at a noisy party reflects concepts studied by which of the following?
a. Cherry and Watson
b. Tolman and James
c. James and Cherry
d. Broadbent and Tolman

Answer 24

c. James and Cherry

Question 25

Nick has perfected the skill of tuning out his mother’s lectures about cleaning his room while still being able to text his friends and listen to music. What concept is Nick displaying?
a. Kuhn’s paradigm shift
b. Broadbent’s filter
c. Tolman’s cognitive map
d. Tulving’s procedural memory

Answer 25

b. Broadbent’s filter

Question 26

Which of the following are conceptually similar?
a. Ebbinghaus’s savings curve and Atkinson and Shiffrin’s short-term memory
b. Atkinson and Shiffrin’s short-term memory and Broadbent’s flow diagram filter
c. Tulving’s procedural memory and Tolman’s cognitive map
d. Broadbent’s flow diagram filter and Skinner’s operant conditioning

Answer 26

b. Atkinson and Shiffrin’s short-term memory and Broadbent’s flow diagram filter

Question 27

Celia loved to knit when she was a young girl, but she hadn’t done it in years. So she was excited when she joined a group making blankets for homeless kids and started knitting like she had just done it yesterday. What did Celia access to start knitting again?
a. episodic memory
b. sensory memory
c. semantic memory
d. procedural memory

Answer 27

d. procedural memory (Motor skills, automatized processes)

——————
a. episodic memory -(Episodes of our lives; things that have happened to us)

b. sensory memory -refers to the short-term retention of sensory information, like sights, sounds, and smells, immediately following stimuli input. It’s a crucial stage in memory processing that briefly stores vast amounts of sensory data before it’s selectively filtered into conscious awareness as working memory.

c. semantic memory- (Knowledge of the world; facts and details; built up from episodes)

Question 28

Who is likely to be most active in cycling information through their short-term memory?
a. an accountant
b. an actor
c. a chef
d. a nurse

Answer 28

b. an actor

Question 29

The use of positron emission tomography enables psychological research to get down to the level of _____.
a. filters
b. sensations
c. memories
d. neurons

Answer 29

d. neurons

Question 30

Cedric is participating in a university research study inspired by the work of Stephen Palmer. The study is likely focused on measuring Cedric’s level of _____.
a. short-term rehearsal
b. contextual knowledge
c. cognitive mapping
d. artificial intelligence

Answer 30

b. contextual knowledge