Chapter 1: Characteristics of skills and stages of learning Flashcards
Movement precision
Classified according to the precision of the movement and the size of musculature required
- gross motor skills
- fine motor skills
Gross motor skills
Involves the recruitment of large muscle groups. There is less emphasis on precision. e.g running and swimming.
Fine Motor skills
Involves the recruitment of smaller muscles associated with movements that require precision.
What are the types of Movement Skills
Movement skills can be classified as
- Discrete motor skills
- Serial motor skills
- Continuous motor skills
Discrete motor skills
Have an obvious beginning and end
E.g. kicking a ball, or a netball pass.
Serial motor skills
Several discrete skills performed in a sequence. Such as a gymnastics floor routine.
Continuous motor skills
Have no definite beginning or end point
E.g. walking or running.
- Sometimes beginning and end points are assigned
E.g. a 100 metre running race, - but the actual motor skill is CONTINUOUS IN NATURE.
Closed motor skills
Are those where the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment. It is in a stable predictable environment and is self-paced.
E.g. an indoor individual diving routine where the diver determines the routine they perform and when their dive will commence.
Open motor skills
Performed in a less predictable environment. Conditions are constantly changing and the performer has limited, if any, control over their environment. E.g white water kayaking.
Fundamental movement skills
the foundational skills that provide the basis for the development of more sport-specific movement skills.
Cognitive stage
learners begin to understand and develop the basic movement patterns and techniques
- Not in this stage for long
Learner Experiences:
- Trying to understand the skill
- Inconsistent performances
- Trial and error learning
- Poor error detection
- Large performance improvements
Associative stage
refining the movement pattern and associating environmental cues
- In this stage for the longest
Learners Experience:
- Improved error correction - Refined movement pattern - More consistent performance - Associating environmental cues to performance
Autonomous stage
- When this stage is reached, the skill is largely automatic;
- the performer no longer consciously thinks about the skill, allowing their focus to be directed elsewhere.
- The performer has developed anticipation and can detect their own errors and correct them.
Skill learning continuum
- As it is impossible to distinguish exactly when a performer moves from one stage to the next, rather it should be viewed as a continuum.
- A performer can be in different stages of learning for different skills. E.g Excellent dribbling but poor shot.
Part Practice
When a motor skill has several components, it may be appropriate to break the task into segments and practice them in isolation
- better when the skill is complex
- useful for beginners who may feel overwhelmed
