Chapter 1: cells and structures: the anatomy of the Nervous system Flashcards
define:
Neuron
The basic unit of the nervous system
Answer:
How many functional zones
4
define:
Input zone
where neurons collect and process information, either from environment or from other cells
Define:
Integration Zone
where the decison to produce a neural signal is made
Define:
conduction zone
where information can be electrically transmitted over great distances
define:
Output zone
where the neurons transfers information to other cells
Describe:
Multipolar neuron
one main axon and several dendrites
Answer
where is the most common place to find multipolar neurons
brain/spinal cord
Describe:
Bipolar neuron
One axon exenstion to dendrite
define:
unipolar neurons
axon on one side the dendrite on one side. (the cell body is connected like a tumor)
Describe:
motor neurons
3 points
- output allows us to do “stuff”
- multipolar long axons
- track going down (rene decartes)
Define:
sensory neurons
2 points
- senses
- track going down (rene decartes)
Define:
Interneurons
2 points
- small axons
- analyze inputs
mostly in the brain
Answer:
what is the neurons job?
recieve and transmit information
Answer:
approximately how many neurons are in the human brain?
~ 100 billion
Define:
Myelin
fatty axon covering that speeds up “brain function”
define:
Oligodendrocytes
make myelin for different axons
** central nervous system **
define:
Microglia
engulf and destroy debris
(bacteria and viruses)
define:
Schwann cell
make myelin for one neuron
** peripheral nervous system **
define:
Astrocyte
Maintain the blood-brain barrier
(keeps things in place)
Define:
nodes of ranvier
space between myelin sheath
define:
central nervous system
brain and spinal chord nerves
define:
peripheral nervous system
all the other nerves
Contrast
myelin providing glia
CNS vs PNS
CNS- oligodendrocytes
PNS- Schwann cells
Contrast:
Clusters of cell bodies
CNS- Nuclei
PNS- Ganglia
Contrast:
Bundles of axons
CNS vs PNS
CNS- Tracts
PNS- Nerves
