Chapter 1 AP Psych Barrons

Question 1

introspection

Answer 1

the purposeful and rational self-observation of one’s mental state; first wave of psychology. This method suffers, because sometimes we can not accurately describe our thoughts and feelings.

Question 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 2

set up the first psychological laboratory, trained subjects in introspection. He was one of the first to draw a distinction between perception and sensation. Through the use of introspection. He conducted an experiment where he played a sound and the test subject tried to say what the sound was. Wundt found that sensation and perception are different, because the test subject could identify whether they heard the sound faster than they could identify the sound they heard.

Question 3

structuralism

Answer 3

the idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations (sensations meaning a stimulus’s effect on our senses)

Question 4

William James

Answer 4

published psychology’s first textbook: The Principles of Psychology, created functionalism

Question 5

functionalism

Answer 5

Why we behave how we do? functionism differed from structuralism in that functionalism did not focus on the elements consciousness, funtionalism focused on the purpose of consciousness, and how this consciousness functioned in our lives. Functionalism used evolution to explain behavior.

Question 6

Gestalt psychology

Answer 6

examined a person’s total experience, not just bits and pieces of it; second wave of psychology. Usually deals with understanding visual deception.

Question 7

Max Wertheimer

Answer 7

a Gestalt psychologist

Question 8

psychoanalysis

Answer 8

human behavior, experience, and cognition are largely determined by irrational drives; third wave of psychology

Question 9

Sigmund Freud

Answer 9

created psychoanalytic theory

Question 10

repression

Answer 10

the pushing down into the unconscious events and feelings that cause so much anxiety and tension that our conscious mind cannot deal with them

Question 11

defense mechanism

Answer 11

psychological strategies brought into play by the unconscious mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality

Question 12

behaviorism

Answer 12

psychologists should only look at behavior and causes of behavior, not elements of consciousness; fourth wave of psychology; dominant school of thought from the 1920s to 1960s. Strictly focuses on conditioning

Question 13

John Watson

Answer 13

studied Ivan Pavlov’s conditioning experiments, main proponent of behaviorism

Question 14

UCS

Answer 14

Natural event or thing that stimulates

Question 15

UCR

Answer 15

physical reactions that is natural.

Question 16

B.F. Skinner

Answer 16

behaviorist, expanded the ideas to include reinforcement

Question 17

eclectic

Answer 17

drawing from multiple perspectives of psychology; fifth wave of psychology; most current psychologists are eclectic

Question 18

humanism

Answer 18

stresses individual choice and free will, most of our behaviors are chosen due to physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs. Famous humanist rogers and maslow.

Question 19

biopsychology

Answer 19

explains human thought and behavior in terms of biological processes only

Question 20

cognitive psychologists

Answer 20

examine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events

Question 21

biopsychology

Answer 21

Also known as neuroscience. Explains cognition in terms of genetics, neurotransmitters, hormones. Biology basically

Question 22

biopsychology

Answer 22

Also known as neuroscience. Explains human thought and behavior in terms of genetics, neurotransmitters, hormones. Biology basically

Question 23

comparative psychologists

Answer 23

look at the psychology of non-human animals

Question 24

covert behavior

Answer 24

Behavior that can be subjectively perceived only by the person performing the behavior. Thoughts and feelings are covert behaviors.

Question 25

Compare how each of these Psychological Perspectives would explain introvertedness

Answer 25

Behavioral - Believe that the introvert was conditioned to be shy
Cognitive - The introvert does not find value in multiple connections
Biopsychology - Believes the introvert inherted introvertedness as a gene
Humanistic - Believes the introvert can satisfy his social need through only a few people.
Psychoanalytic - Believe that some traumatic childhood experience that has been repressed has caused introvertedness.
Socioculture - Believe culture determines introvertedness