Chapter 1 - Anat/Phys intro Flashcards
How does the anatomy of a muscle or bone differ from its physiology? Which describes appearance and location and which describes function?
Anatomy deals with the form and structure of a muscle or bone. Physiology deals with their function.
How might abnormalities in an animal’s anatomy or physiology have a negative impact on its health and well-being?
The functions of the parts of an animal’s body are extremely interrelated. Therefore an abnormality with the anatomy or physiology of one part can affect other parts.
Pleura
Thin membrane in thoracic cavity that covers organs
What are the four basic tissues that make up an animal’s body
Connective tissue, epithelial, muscle, nervous
How do homeostatic mechanisms influence the health of an animal
As conditions inside and outside change, homeostatic mechanisms influence the health of an animal by helping to maintain a fairly constant internal environment inside the body, making life possible.
peritoneum
Thin membrane in the abdominal cavity that covers organs
Visceral Layer
The visceral layer covers the organs in the thoracic or abdominal civility
Regional anatomy (study of all structures/function) includes:
Cells, tissues, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, organs, bones
Systemic Anatomy (study of structure/functions) includes what systems:
skeletal, integumentary, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, muscular, sensory, endocrine, urinary, reproductive
Brisket
area at the base of the neck, between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum
Parietel
The layer of the pleura or peritoneum that lines the thorax or abdomen respectively. Lines the cavity wall.
Ventral Cavity
Includes the thoracic and abdominal cavity. These cavities are divided by the diaphragm.
Homeostasis
Narrow range of normal health. The maintenance of dynamic equilibrium in the body. Works because of negative feedback systems.
Barrel
Trunk of body - formed by rib cage and abdomen
Flank
Lateral surface of the abdomen- between the last rib and hind legs
Poll
Top of the head, between the base of the ears
Muzzle
Rostral part of the face formed mainly by the maxilarly and nasal bones
Withers
Area dorsal to the scapulas
Tailhead
Dorsal part of base of tail
Hock
Tarsus (human ankle)
Stifle
femorotibial/Femoropatellar joint - equivalent to the human knee
Fetlock
Joint between cannon bone (large metacarpal/metatarsal) and proximal phalanx of hoofed animals
knee
carpus of hoofed animals
Cannon
Large metacarpal or metatarsal bone of hoofed animals
Pastern
Area of the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals
Radial Symmetry
The animals body radiates out from a center point. An example is a starfish
Bilateral Symmetry
The animal’s right and left halves are approximate mirror images of each other
Dorsal Body Cavity
One of two main cavity. It contains the CNS and is divided into the spinal and cranial cavity
Caudal
towards the tail end of the body
thoracic cavity
contain the heart, lungs, major blood vessels and esophagus. Also called the pleural cavity
Abdominal Cavity
All the organs of the reproductive, urinary, stomach and intestinal tract (Also called the peritoneal cavity)
Orad
Movement through the body/gi tract towards the mouth
Cranial
Towards the head
Aborad
Movement through the body/GI tract away from the mouth
Levels of organization of the body
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems
Deep
Towards the center (whole body or body part)
Distal
Away from the center of the body (extremity)
Dorsal
Towards the top/back of the body
lateral
Away from the median plane
Medial
Towards the median plane (divides left/right)
Organs
Groups of tissues that work together with the same structure and function
Palmar
Bottom or back of the forelimb from the carpus distally
Plantar
Bottom or back of the hindlimb from the tarsus distally
Rostral
Toward the tip of the nose
Sagital
Dividing the body in left and right sections not necessarily even
Sternal
Ventral body surface
Superficial
Shallow, towards the surface
Tissues
When specialized groups of cells work together with the same structure and function- 4 types: Epithelial, Muscular, Connective, Nervous
Transverse
Dividing the body in two parts between the head and the tail
Ventral
Towards the bottom surface of an animal
Cells
Basic unit of life, can’t subdivide - Structural and functional unit of the body
Health
A state of normal anatomy and physiology
Organ Systems/systems
most complex level of the body’s organization. Groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activities. Digestive system is an example
Levels of organization
Cells, tissues, organs, organ sytems
