Chapter 1 - Anat/Phys intro

Question 1

How does the anatomy of a muscle or bone differ from its physiology? Which describes appearance and location and which describes function?

Answer 1

Anatomy deals with the form and structure of a muscle or bone. Physiology deals with their function.

Question 2

How might abnormalities in an animal’s anatomy or physiology have a negative impact on its health and well-being?

Answer 2

The functions of the parts of an animal’s body are extremely interrelated. Therefore an abnormality with the anatomy or physiology of one part can affect other parts.

Question 3

Pleura

Answer 3

Thin membrane in thoracic cavity that covers organs

Question 4

What are the four basic tissues that make up an animal’s body

Answer 4

Connective tissue, epithelial, muscle, nervous

Question 5

How do homeostatic mechanisms influence the health of an animal

Answer 5

As conditions inside and outside change, homeostatic mechanisms influence the health of an animal by helping to maintain a fairly constant internal environment inside the body, making life possible.

Question 6

peritoneum

Answer 6

Thin membrane in the abdominal cavity that covers organs

Question 7

Visceral Layer

Answer 7

The visceral layer covers the organs in the thoracic or abdominal civility

Question 8

Regional anatomy (study of all structures/function) includes:

Answer 8

Cells, tissues, blood vessels, nerves, muscles, organs, bones

Question 9

Systemic Anatomy (study of structure/functions) includes what systems:

Answer 9

skeletal, integumentary, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, muscular, sensory, endocrine, urinary, reproductive

Question 10

Brisket

Answer 10

area at the base of the neck, between the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum

Question 11

Parietel

Answer 11

The layer of the pleura or peritoneum that lines the thorax or abdomen respectively. Lines the cavity wall.

Question 12

Ventral Cavity

Answer 12

Includes the thoracic and abdominal cavity. These cavities are divided by the diaphragm.

Question 13

Homeostasis

Answer 13

Narrow range of normal health. The maintenance of dynamic equilibrium in the body. Works because of negative feedback systems.

Question 14

Barrel

Answer 14

Trunk of body - formed by rib cage and abdomen

Question 15

Flank

Answer 15

Lateral surface of the abdomen- between the last rib and hind legs

Question 16

Poll

Answer 16

Top of the head, between the base of the ears

Question 17

Muzzle

Answer 17

Rostral part of the face formed mainly by the maxilarly and nasal bones

Question 18

Withers

Answer 18

Area dorsal to the scapulas

Question 19

Tailhead

Answer 19

Dorsal part of base of tail

Question 20

Hock

Answer 20

Tarsus (human ankle)

Question 21

Stifle

Answer 21

femorotibial/Femoropatellar joint - equivalent to the human knee

Question 22

Fetlock

Answer 22

Joint between cannon bone (large metacarpal/metatarsal) and proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Question 23

knee

Answer 23

carpus of hoofed animals

Question 24

Cannon

Answer 24

Large metacarpal or metatarsal bone of hoofed animals

Question 25

Pastern

Answer 25

Area of the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Question 26

Radial Symmetry

Answer 26

The animals body radiates out from a center point. An example is a starfish

Question 27

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 27

The animal's right and left halves are approximate mirror images of each other

Question 28

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 28

One of two main cavity. It contains the CNS and is divided into the spinal and cranial cavity

Question 29

Caudal

Answer 29

towards the tail end of the body

Question 30

thoracic cavity

Answer 30

contain the heart, lungs, major blood vessels and esophagus. Also called the pleural cavity

Question 31

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 31

All the organs of the reproductive, urinary, stomach and intestinal tract (Also called the peritoneal cavity)

Question 32

Orad

Answer 32

Movement through the body/gi tract towards the mouth

Question 33

Cranial

Answer 33

Towards the head

Question 34

Aborad

Answer 34

Movement through the body/GI tract away from the mouth

Question 35

Levels of organization of the body

Answer 35

Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems

Question 36

Deep

Answer 36

Towards the center (whole body or body part)

Question 37

Distal

Answer 37

Away from the center of the body (extremity)

Question 38

Dorsal

Answer 38

Towards the top/back of the body

Question 39

lateral

Answer 39

Away from the median plane

Question 40

Medial

Answer 40

Towards the median plane (divides left/right)

Question 41

Organs

Answer 41

Groups of tissues that work together with the same structure and function

Question 42

Palmar

Answer 42

Bottom or back of the forelimb from the carpus distally

Question 43

Plantar

Answer 43

Bottom or back of the hindlimb from the tarsus distally

Question 44

Rostral

Answer 44

Toward the tip of the nose

Question 45

Sagital

Answer 45

Dividing the body in left and right sections not necessarily even

Question 46

Sternal

Answer 46

Ventral body surface

Question 47

Superficial

Answer 47

Shallow, towards the surface

Question 48

Tissues

Answer 48

When specialized groups of cells work together with the same structure and function- 4 types: Epithelial, Muscular, Connective, Nervous

Question 49

Transverse

Answer 49

Dividing the body in two parts between the head and the tail

Question 50

Ventral

Answer 50

Towards the bottom surface of an animal

Question 51

Cells

Answer 51

Basic unit of life, can't subdivide - Structural and functional unit of the body

Question 52

Health

Answer 52

A state of normal anatomy and physiology

Question 53

Organ Systems/systems

Answer 53

most complex level of the body's organization. Groups of organs that are involved in a common set of activities. Digestive system is an example

Question 54

Levels of organization

Answer 54

Cells, tissues, organs, organ sytems