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Developmental Psych Exam 1 Study Flashcards > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Lifespan developmental perspective

A

views development as lifelong, multidimensional, plastic, multidisplinary, contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss thru biological, sociocultural, and individual factors

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2
Q

lifelong

A

part of lifespan perspective; development is lifelong

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3
Q

multidimensional

A

part of lifespan perspective; development has biological, sociocultural, and cultural dimensions; w/ components in each dimension (memory, attention, etc)

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4
Q

plastic

A

part of lifespan perspective; capacity for change, we may possess less plasticity as we grow older

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5
Q

multidisciplinary

A

part of lifespan perspective; psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share interest in development

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6
Q

contextual

A

part of lifespan perspective; all development occurs within a context/setting

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7
Q

development

A

the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span;
Development involves growth, decline, and dying.

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8
Q

biological processes

A

produce changes in an individual’s physical nature; genes, development of brain, etc.

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9
Q

cognitive processes

A

changes in the individual’s thought process, intelligence, + language; memorizing a poem, learning new words, imagining what it would be like to be a movie star, etc.

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10
Q

socioemotional processes

A

change in the individual’s relationships w/ other people, changes in emotion, + changes in personality; infants smile in response to parents touch, toddlers aggressive attack on a playmate, a teenagers joy at prom, etc.

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11
Q

What are the 8 main developmental periods?

A

Prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle to late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood

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12
Q

chronological age

A

the # of years that have gone by since birth

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13
Q

biological age

A

person’s age in terms of biological health

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14
Q

psychological age

A

individual’s adaptive capacities compared w/ those of other individuals of the same chronological age

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15
Q

social age

A

connectedness w/ others + the social roles individuals adopt

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16
Q

Nature-nurture issue

A

extent to which development is influenced by nature & by nurture

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17
Q

stability-change issue

A

the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist or change as a person matures;
Stability- believes traits are due to heredity + early experiences
Change- traits change with later experiences

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18
Q

continuity-discontinuity issue

A

degree to which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity)

19
Q

trust vs. mistrust

A

Erikson psychosocial theory; Infancy; trust is important for lifelong expectation that the world is a good + pleasant place to live

20
Q

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

A

Erikson psychosocial theory; Late infancy to toddlerhood; discover that their behavior is their own; assert independence + autonomy; if punished or shamed too harshly, they will likely develop shame + doubt

21
Q

initiative vs. guilt

A

Erikson psychosocial theory; Preschool; widening social world, new challenges + responsibilities; guilt may arise if child is irresponsible + made to feel too anxious

22
Q

industry vs. inferiority

A

Erikson psychosocial theory;

Elementary school; mastering knowledge + intellectual skills; children may feel inferiority

23
Q

identity vs. identity confusion

A

Erikson psychosocial theory; Adolescence; finding identity; if adolescents explore roles in healthy way, they will achieve a positive identity, if they don’t, identity confusion remains

24
Q

intimacy vs. isolation

A

Erikson psychosocial theory; Early adulthood; forming intimate relationships

25
Q

generativity vs. stagnation

A

Erikson psychosocial theory; Middle adulthood; concern for helping younger generation = generativity; feeling of having done nothing to help next generation = stagnation

26
Q

integrity vs. despair

A

Erikson psychosocial theory; Late adulthood; person reflects on past; if life review was well spent, integrity is achieved, if not, despair occurs

27
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Piaget’s theory; birth to 2 yrs, coordinate sensory experiences with physical motoric actions

28
Q

preoperational stage

A

Piaget’s theory; 2-7 yrs, represent world w/ words, images, drawings, but still lack ability to perform “operations” aka internalized mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they could only do physically

29
Q

concrete operational stage

A

Piaget’s theory; 7-11 yrs, perform operations that involve objects, reason logically with specific/concrete examples

30
Q

formal operational stage

A

Piaget’s theory; 11-15 yrs to adulthood, move beyond concrete experiences + think in abstract, logical terms

31
Q

Piaget’s theory

A

children go thru 4 stages of cognitive development as they construct understanding of the world; they organize experiences and adapt to new ones

32
Q

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory

A

emphasizes how culture & social interaction guide cognitive development
> Saw children’s development as inseparable from social + cultural activities
> Argued that cognitive development involves learning the use of inventions in society (language, math, memory strategies, etc.)
> Children’s social interaction w/ adults & older kids is crucial to cognitive development

33
Q

information processing theory

A

emphasizes that individuals manipulate info, monitor it, + strategize about it
> Does not describe development as stage-like; people develop gradually increasing capacity for processing info

34
Q

Ethology theory

A

stresses that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, tied to evolution, & has critical/sensitive periods
○ Konrad Lorenz goose imprinting
○ Imprinting must occur in specific period (critical/sensitive period)

35
Q

Ecological theory

A

stresses environmental factors; development reflects the influence of several environmental systems

36
Q

microsystem

A

ecological theory; Setting the individual lives; school, peers, neighborhood

37
Q

mesosystem

A

ecological theory; Relations between microsystems or connections between contexts; (ex: relationship of family experiences to school experiences, children with parents who rejected them may find it hard to have pos. relationships w/ teachers)

38
Q

exosystem

A

ecological theory; Links between individual’s immediate context + social setting

39
Q

macrosystem

A

ecological theory; Culture the individual lives in

40
Q

chronosystem

A

ecological theory; Patterning of environmental events + transitions over the life course (ex: divorce, womens rights)

41
Q

descriptive research

A

aims to observe and record behavior

42
Q

correlational research

A

can predict how people will behave, goal is to describe strength of relationship between 2 or more variables

43
Q

experimental research

A

carefully regulated procedure; IV + DV

Developmental Psych Exam 1 Study Flashcards (10 decks)

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