Chapter 1

Question 1

the paradox of progress

• definition
• ex

Answer 1

even though there are great advantages, it has created more problems
-cell phones

Question 2

what should you look for in sources of enlightenment?

Answer 2

1. clarity in communication
2. look for books that do not promote too much in the way of immediate change
3. credentials of author
4. that it comes from a research basis
5. Books that provide detailed, explicit directions about how to alter your behavior
6. books that focus on a particular problem

Question 3

operation definition

Answer 3

with what definition are you operating

Question 4

psychology

Answer 4

the science that studies behavior and the physiological and mental processes that underlie it and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

Question 5

adjustment

Answer 5

the physiological process through which people manage or cope with the demands and challenges of everyday life

Question 6

the scientific approach

• commitment to empiricism
• 2 advantages

Answer 6

• knowledge gained through observation
• 1. clarity and precision
     
     2. relative intolerance for error

Question 7

experimental research

• advantage
• 4 components

Answer 7

• can draw cause and effect conclusions
• 1. IV
     
     2. DV
     3. experimental group
     4. control group

Question 8

independent variable

Answer 8

variable being manipulated by reseacher

Question 9

dependent variable

Answer 9

variable whose value depends on that of another

Question 10

experimental group

Answer 10

receives the “special” treatment in regard to IV

Question 11

control group

• definition
• why are they randomly assigned

Answer 11

standard treatment

-so that data is not skewed

Question 12

correlational research

• what does it do
• component

Answer 12

• try to find relationships

- correlation coefficient

Question 13

correlation coefficient

-depends on what 2 things

Answer 13

strength and direction

Question 14

correlation coefficient: strength

• numbers
• closer to 1
• further away from 0

Answer 14

• -1.00 to 0 to +1.00
• closer to 1 = stronger the relationship
• further away from 0 = more reliable

Question 15

correlation coefficient: direction

• positive (definition; ex)
• negative (definition; ex)

Answer 15

• travelling in same direction; hours studying and gpa

- travelling in opposite direction; hours partying and gpa

Question 16

3 common methods of finding correlations between variables

Answer 16

1. naturalistic observation
2. case studies
3. surveys

Question 17

naturalistic observation

Answer 17

observing people doing normal things (they don’t know they are being watched)

Question 18

case studies

Answer 18

spending alot of time on 1 people to gather as much data as possible

Question 19

surveys

Answer 19

allows us to gather alot of info on alot of people in a short amount of time

Question 20

advantage of correlational research

-disadvantage

Answer 20

allows exploration of variables not suitable for manipulation
-the third variable problem