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Physiology > Chapter 1 - 3 Quiz 1 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - 3 Quiz 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A
  • Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

o Environmental factors that affect cell
o Materials needed for cells needs
o Factors cells use to communicate with each other

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2
Q

What is the ionic distribution between outside of a cell and inside of a cell?

A
  • Ions have a concentration gradient across membrane. ie: potassium K+ is higher inside and a low concentration outside the membrane
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3
Q

Monounsaturated Fat

A

Fatty acids with one double bond (Oleic acid)

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4
Q

Polyunsaturated Fat

A

Fatty acids with two or more double bond (Linoleic acid)

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5
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simple sugars

Ribose, Deoxyribose, Fructose, Glucose, Galactose

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6
Q

Disaccharides

A

Glucose + another monosaccharide

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7
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Glucose polymers

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8
Q

Primary Structure of a Protein

A

the sequence of the amino acid strings

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9
Q

Secondary structure

A

the covalent bond angles and hoops of the amino acid

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10
Q

What are the Nitrogenous base pairs of DNA

A

Adenine – Thymine

Guanine – Cytosine

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11
Q

What are the Nitrogenous base pairs of RNA

A

Adenine – Uracil

Guanine – Cytosine

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12
Q

What makes up a Plasma Membrane?

A

a ring of phospholipids

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13
Q

What is difference between Cations and Anions?

A

Cations are positive

Anions are negative

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14
Q

List the different Cations

A 
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Hydrogen
Magnesium
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15
Q

List the different Anions

I’d Ate an onion with Corn, Bell, Peppers, and Sausage

A

Chloride
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Sulfate

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16
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

A bond between atoms when electrons are shared – requiring energy to make or break

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17
Q

What are the two types of covalent bonds?

A

a. Non-polar – even distribution of electrons

b. Polar – Regions of partial charge. (ie: water)

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18
Q

What is an Ionic Bond?

A

Electrostatic attraction where opposite charges attract. Atoms lose or gain electrons

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19
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Weak bond that require little energy to break

ie: water surface tension slide

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20
Q

Van der Waals Force

A

Weak and non-specific attractions (bond) between atoms

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21
Q

Water Molecule

A

Unequal Sharing of atoms

22
Q

How is the pH scale read?

A
  • The Lower the pH the more Acidic

- The Higher the pH the more Basic

23
Q

What is normal human blood pH

A

pH 7.4

24
Q

What is the Law of Mass Action?

A
  • When protein binding is at equilibrium, the ration of the bound and unbound components remains constant

Co2+H2o — H2Co3 — HCo3-+H+

25
Q

What is a Bicarbonate anion?

A
  • (First Responder) Buffer that moderates changes in pH

- Will bind with carbonic acid

26
Q

What makes up the Intracellular area?

A

Fluid within cells

27
Q

What makes up the Extracellular area?

A

Plasma, Interstitial Fluid

28
Q

Explain the plasma membrane and its hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

A

made of Phospholipids with heads facing the extracellular and intracellular and lipid tails on the interior of the membrane

Lipids - Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, Cholesterol

Phospholipid structures in aqueous solutions - Bilayer, Micelle, Liposome

29
Q

Glycocalyx

A
  • A protective layer on the external surface of a cell made of glycolipids and glycoproteins
30
Q

What is a cellular inclusion?

A
  • Particles floating in the cytosol
  • Ribosomes
  • Glycogen
  • Lipid Droplets
31
Q

Plasma membrane

A

semipermeable membrane made of phosphate and lipid

32
Q

Cytoplasm

A

watery medium in the cell called the cytoplasm

33
Q

Ribosomes

A

manufactures proteins

34
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the DNA structure chromosomes

35
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

folded membranes make proteins with ribosomes

36
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

creates packing vesicles to move things in cell

37
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

modifies protein

38
Q

Lysosomes

A

breaks down worn out parts in cell

39
Q

Peroxisomes

A

breaks down fatty acids for membranes, and converting hydrogen peroxide to water

40
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of ATP

41
Q

Centrioles

A

group of microtubules, organizes chromosomes during mitosis

42
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Location: blood and lymphatic vessels, air sacs of lungs, lining of the heart

Function: secrets lubricating substance, allows diffusion and filtration

43
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Location: secretory ducts of small glands, kidney tubules

Function: allows secretion and absorbtion

44
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Location: ciliated - bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus
Nonciliated - digestive tract, bladder

Function: allows absorbtion, secretes mucous and enzymes

45
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

Location: keratinized (skin); nonkeratinized – Lines the mucous

Function: protection (keratinized – waterproofing)

46
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

Location: rare – sweat glands

Function: structural reinforcement

47
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Location: ciliated – pharynx, epiglottis, salivary glands
Nonciliated – Urethra

Function: protection and secetion

48
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

A

Location: trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity (ciliated cells)

Function: secretes mucus which is moved with cilia

49
Q

Transitional

A

Location: Urinary bladder, Renal pelvis, Ureters

Function: allows to stretch and expand

50
Q

Dense Regular Tissue

ALT

A

connective tissue is mainly made up of collagen fibers. It is found in areas of the body where large amounts of tensile strength are required, like in ligaments, tendons and aponeurosis.

51
Q

Dense Irregular

WEGTDW

A

Dense woven network of collagen fiber found in the dermis of the skin, in glandular tissue, in the walls of organs, and in the whites of the eyes.

Physiology (7 decks)

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