Chapter 1

Question 1

It deals with the interactions between science and technology in social, cultural, political, and economic contexts.

Answer 1

Science, Technology, and Society

Question 2

guide undergraduate students to develop critical thinking and creativity as they utilize science in understanding various human conditions and social issues, explore the role of science and technology in nation building, analyze scientific ideas, theories, innovations, research, and practices, and discover technological advancements brought by science to the society.

Answer 2

Science, Technology, and Society

Question 3

how old is science

Answer 3

Science is as old as the world itself

Question 4

It includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world.

Answer 4

1. Science as an idea.

Question 5

It encompasses a systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world.
This process of study involves systematic observation and experimentation.

Answer 5

2. Science as an intellectual activity.

Question 6

It is a subject or a discipline, a field of study, or a body of knowledge that deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical world. This is what we refer to as school science.

Answer 6

3. Science as a body of knowledge.

Question 7

This explains that science is both knowledge and activities done by human beings to develop better understanding of the world around them. It is a means to improve life and to survive in life. It is interwoven with people’s lives.

Answer 7

4. Science as a personal and social activity.

Question 8

have embarked in scientific activities in order to know and understand everything around them. They have persistently observed and studied the natural and the physical world in order to find meanings and seek answers to many questions.

Answer 8

Human beings

Question 9

The idea of scientific revolution is claimed to have started in the early

Answer 9

16th century up to the 18th century in Europe.

Question 10

was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature

Answer 10

Scientific revolution

Question 11

was the golden age for people committed to scholarly life in science but it was also a deeply trying moment to some scientific individuals that led to their painful death or condemnation from the religious institutions who tried to preserve their faith, religion, and theological views.

Answer 11

Scientific revolution

Question 12

is very significant in the development of human beings, transformation of the society, and in the formulation of scientific ideas.

Answer 12

Scientific revolution

Question 13

One of the Renaissance men, particularly in the field of science, is

Answer 13

Nicolaus Copernicus.

Question 14

his idea and model of the universe was essentially complete in 1510. Not long after that, he circulated a summary of his ideas to his few close friends in a manuscript called Commentariolus (Little Commentary).

Answer 14

Copernicus’s

Question 15

was a busy man. The publication of his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) in 1543 is often cited as the start of the scientific revolution.

Answer 15

Copernicus

Question 16

Book of Copernicus

Answer 16

On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

Question 17

placed the Sun to be the centerpiece of the universe. The Earth and all the planets are surrounding or orbiting the Sun each year. The Moon, however, would still be seen orbiting the Earth.

Answer 17

Copernicus

Question 18

is also a courageous man. Although the —– makes sense now, during those times, it was judged to be heretic and therefore it was an unacceptable idea to be taught to Catholics.

Answer 18

Copernicus, Copernican model

Question 19

is famous for his theory of evolution. Johnson (2012) described — as a genius who came from a line of intellectually gifted and wealthy family. He developed his interest in natural history during his time as a student at Shrewsbury School.

Answer 19

Charles Darwin

Question 20

observational skills as a scientist were extraordinary that moved beyond the realms of plants and animals into the realms of humans. His book The Descent of Man was so impressive yet very controversial.

Answer 20

Darwin’s

Question 21

accomplishments were so diverse that it is useful to distinguish two fields to which he made major contributions: evolutionary biology and philosophy of science

Answer 21

Darwin’s

Question 22

is a famous figure in the field of psychology. Rosenfels (1980) also described him as a towering literary figure and a very talented communicator who did his share to raise the consciousness of the civilized world in psychological matters.

Answer 22

Freud

Question 23

is not a traditional thinker. According to Weiner (2016), his method of psychoanalysis was proven to be effective in understanding some neurological conditions that were not understood by medicine at that time.

Answer 23

Freud

Question 24

was born in a much later period from the scientific revolution but his contribution to knowledge can be seen in many aspects of the human scene, including art, literature, philosophy, politics, and psychotherapy.

Answer 24

Freud

Question 25

freud's psychosexual stages of development

Answer 25

1. Oral 0-2 2. Anal 2-3 3. Phalic 3-7 4. Latency 7-11 5. Genital 11-adult

Question 26

includes the entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to the border of South America.

Answer 26

Mesoamerica

Question 27

There is no doubt that the ----- region is rich in culture and knowledge prior to the arrival of its European colonizers.

Answer 27

Mesoamerican

Question 28

The is one of the famous civilizations that lasted for approximately 2,000 years.

Answer 28

Maya civilization

Question 29

These people are known for their works in astronomy. They incorporated their advanced understanding of astronomy into their temples and other religious structures. This allows them to use their temples for astronomical observation. For example, the pyramid at Chichén Itzá in Mexico is situated at the location of the Sun during the spring and fall equinoxes.

Answer 29

Maya civilization

Question 30

The Mayans built looms for weaving cloth and devised a rainbow of glittery paints made from a mineral called

Answer 30

mica.

Question 31

The ----- is also famous in Mesoamerica.

Answer 31

Inca civilization

Question 32

They made advanced scientific ideas considering their limitations as an old civilization.

Answer 32

The Incas

Question 33

has also made substantial contributions to science and technology and to the society as a whole.

Answer 33

the Aztec civilization

Question 34

contribution of aztec

Answer 34

1. Mandatory education. 2.Chocolates 3. Antispasmodic medication-Antispasmodics are medications that relax smooth muscles in the digestive tract and help ease symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 4. Chinampa 5. Aztec calendar 6. Invention of the canoe

Question 35

is the biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient civilizations.

Answer 35

Asia

Question 36

It is a host to many cultural, economic, scientific, and political activities of all ages. In the field of science, technology, and mathematics, great civilizations have stood out: India, China, and the Middle East civilizations.

Answer 36

Asia

Question 37

is a huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies of water and fortified by huge mountains in its northern boarders.

Answer 37

India

Question 38

creatively developed various ideas and technologies useful in their everyday lives. They are known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works.

Answer 38

The Indians

Question 39

Their iron steel is considered to be the best and held with high regard in the whole of Roman Empire.

Answer 39

india

Question 40

is also notable in the field of astronomy. They developed theories on the configuration of the universe, the spherical self-supporting Earth, and the year of 360 days with 12 equal parts of 30 days each.

Answer 40

Ancient India

Question 41

is also known for their mathematics

Answer 41

Ancient India

Question 42

noted that the earliest traces of mathematical knowledge in the Indian subcontinent appeared in the Indus Valley Civilization.

Answer 42

Bisht (1982)

Question 43

- A system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC, is still practiced as a form of alternative medicine.

Answer 43

AYURVEDA

Question 44

have varied and evolved over more than two millennia. Therapies include herbal medicines, special diets, meditation, yoga, massage, laxatives, enemas, and medical oils.

Answer 44

Ayurveda therapies

Question 45

, describe different surgical and other medical procedures famous in Ancient India.

Answer 45

SUSRUTA SAMAHITA

Question 46

, written in the 12th century

Answer 46

SIDDHANTA SHIROMANI

Question 47

According to -----, this ancient text covered topics such as: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies; lunar eclipses; solar eclipses; latitudes of the planets; risings and settings; the moon's crescent; conjunctions of the planets with each other; conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars; and the paths of the Sun and Moon.

Answer 47

Sama (2008)

Question 48

. The people of this civilization, according to Bisht (1982), tried to standardize measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy and designed a ruler,

Answer 48

the Mohenjo-daro ruler.

Question 49

, also suggested that gravity was a force of attraction, and lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally throughout the world

Answer 49

Brahmagupta

Question 50

is also considered as the founder of mathematical analysis

Answer 50

Madhava of -Sangamagrama

Question 51

is one of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in many areas of life like medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts, philosophy, and music, among others.

Answer 51

China

Question 52

have greatly influenced many of its neighbor countries like Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, and other countries that belong to the old Silk Road.

Answer 52

Chinese civilizations

Question 53

The Chinese are known for traditional medicines- An example is the practice of

Answer 53

acupuncture.

Question 54

invented the -----, and developed a dry dock facility

Answer 54

first seismological detector

Question 55

The --- are also known in seismology

Answer 55

Chinese

Question 56

The ---- countries are dominantly occupied by Muslims. With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Muslim scholarship, or what is called the ---- lasted until the 13th century.

Answer 56

Middle East, Golden Age of Islam

Question 57

A Muslim scientist named ---- is also regarded as the Father of Optics, especially for his empirical proof of the intromission theory of light.

Answer 57

In al-Haytham

Question 58

pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials (Jacquart, 2008).

Answer 58

In Sina

Question 59

In - Sina's two most notable works in medicine, ----, were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe during the 17th century.

Answer 59

the Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine

Question 60

--- is blessed with natural and mineral resources. Science also emerged in this part of the planet long before the Europeans colonized it.

Answer 60

Africa

Question 61

The ancient Egyptian civilization has contributed immensely and made significant advances in the fields of

Answer 61

astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.

Question 62

The ----- were developed and used to build rectilinear structures, the post of lintel architecture of Egypt.

Answer 62

rules of geometry

Question 63

was also known in the African regions during the ancient times

Answer 63

Metallurgy

Question 64

was also known to be prominent in the life of early people in the African continent. The Lebombo Bone from the mountains between Swaziland and South Africa, which may have been a tool for multiplication, division, and simple mathematical calculation or a sixmonth lunar calendar, is considered to be the oldest known mathematical artifact dated from 35,000 BCE.

Answer 64

Mathematics