Chapter 1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

scientific study of life

Question 2

Life

Answer 2

recognized by what living things do

Question 3

Evolution

Answer 3

fundamental organizing principle in biology, process of change that has transformed life on earth, organisms adaptations to its environment are the result

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

lowest level or organization that can perform all activities required for life

Question 5

All cells

Answer 5

-are enclosed by a membrane
-use dna as their genetic information

Question 6

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 6

has membrane enclosed organelles, largest is nucleus

Question 7

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 7

simpler and smaller, does not contain nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles

Question 8

Chromosomes

Answer 8

-contain most of a cells genetic material in the form of DNA
-single long dna molecule with thousands of genes

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

-chemical substance that makes up genes
-inherited by offspring from parents
-controls development and maintenance of organisms

Question 10

Genes

Answer 10

-units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring
-encode information for building proteins
-control protein production indirectly

Question 11

Ability of cells to divide

Answer 11

is basis of all reproduction, growth and repair of multicellular organisms

Question 12

Gene expression

Answer 12

the process of converting information from gene to cellular product

Question 13

DNA is …

Answer 13

transcribed into RNA then translated into a protein

Question 14

Non coding RNAs

Answer 14

-not translated into proteins
-some regulate the functioning of protein coding genes

Question 15

Systems biology

Answer 15

constructs models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems, allows biologists to predict how a change in one or more variables will affect other components and whole system
-aim to answer large scale questions

Question 16

Energy

Answer 16

-fundamental characteristic of living organisms is use of energy to carry out life activities
-living organisms transform energy from one form to another
-energy flows through ecosystem enters as light exits as heat
-energy flows are unidirectional
-the chemicals are recycled

Question 17

Work

Answer 17

-moving, growing, reproducing
-requires source of energy

Question 18

Enzymes

Answer 18

proteins that catalyze chemical reactions (key role in metabolism)

Question 19

Regulatory feedback mechanisms

Answer 19

-involve enzymes
-allow biological processes to self regulate

Question 20

Negative feedback

Answer 20

as more product accumulates, process that creates it slows and less product is produced

Question 21

Positive feedback

Answer 21

as more product accumulates, process speeds up and more product is produced

Question 22

Taxonomy

Answer 22

branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadh

Question 23

domains

Answer 23

broadest units of classificiation

Question 24

3 domains of life

Answer 24

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 25

Bacteria and archaea

Answer 25

prokaryotes-single cell and microscopic

Question 26

eukarya

Answer 26

all eukaryotic organisms -3 multicellular kingdoms (plants, fungi and animals)

Question 27

protist

Answer 27

single cell eukaryotes, more numerous and diverse in comparison to other eukaryotes

Question 28

Darwin

Answer 28

common ancestors, natural selection

Question 29

Natural selection

Answer 29

results in adaptation of organisms to their environment

Question 30

Inquiry

Answer 30

the search for information and explanation

Question 31

Scientific process

Answer 31

includes making observations, forming logical hypotheses, testing them and making conclusions

Question 32

Data

Answer 32

recorded observations, information on which inquiry is based

Question 33

Qualitative data

Answer 33

descriptions rather than measurements

Question 34

Quantitative data

Answer 34

recorded measurements which are sometimes organized into tables and graphs

Question 35

Inductive reasoning

Answer 35

draws conclusions through the logical process of induction

Question 36

Hypotheses

Answer 36

-what observations and inductive reasoning lead to -tentative answer to a well framed question -leads to predictions that can be tested by observation or experimentation -testable and falsifiable

Question 37

Deductive reasoning

Answer 37

uses general premises to make specific predictions

Question 38

Controlled experiment

Answer 38

compares an experimental group with a control group -control groups used to cancel effects of unwanted variables -only variable of interest differs -independent variable- manipulated, dependent-measured amount

Question 39

Theory

Answer 39

-broader than hypothesis -general and can lead to new testable hypotheses -becomes widely adopted