Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define nutrition
the food people eat and how their bodies use it
What is nutrition science?
the area of science that governs what our bodies need for all areas of life
What does it mean to be engaged in health promotion?
being actively involved in activities that promote health and well being individuallly and in the community
What is dietetics?
the profession responsible for promoting human health and preventing disease by managing the diet with the use of food
What is a registered dietician nutritionist?
a certified professional with appropriate academic credentials who works with clients on nutrition
How is health defined?
the absence of disease
a state of optimal physical, mental, and social well being
What types of signs do health professionals review to assess signs of good nutrition?
condition of the physical body
weight and body composition
blood panels
Explain what an essential nutrient is
a substance that must be obtained from food because the body cannot make it by itself
Explain what a non essential nutrient is
a substance the body can make due to the presence of other nutrients
Explain what an energy-yielding nutrient is. Name them.
a nutrient that supplies energy for the body.
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Explain what a non-energy-yielding nutrient is. Name them.
a substance that does not break down for energy but is still something the body needs.
Vitamins, Minerals, Water
What are the 6 essential nutrients in human nutrition?
carbohydrates
fats
proteins
vitamins
minerals
water
What three basic functions must nutrients do to sustain life?
provide energy
build tissue
regulate metabolic processes
Define metabolism
The sum of all body processes for maintaining life
Explain the concept of nutrient interaction
All nutrients work together in the body, never alone.
What is the unit used to measure human energy?
kilocalories
What is the body’s primary and preferred source for energy?
carbohydrates
What is the body’s secondary form of energy?
fats
What is the body’s primary purpose for protein?
building tissue
What are the building blocks of protein?
amino acids
Besides protein, what other nutrients are used for building and maintaining tissue?
vitmains
minerals
fatty acids
What are two forms of malnutrition?
overnutrition
undernutrition
What is a condition resulting from improper or insufficient diet?
malnutrition
Define undernutrition
when someone does not have enough nutrient intake for life sustaining activities
Define overnutrition
can be excess caloric intake resulting in obesity
vitamin or mineral toxicity can occur in people overusing dietary supplements
What is Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
a standard that defines what level of nutrients are recommended to meet nutrition needs for each sex and age group
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDAs)
average nutrition intake levels that are stated to be sufficient to meet nutrition needs for most people in a deomographic group
What four factors are used in determining the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDAs)
Adequate Intake (AI)
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
Explain the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) category in DRIs
the average dietary requirement of a nutritient for a specific population group
Explain the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDAs) category in the DRIs
designed for optimal nutrient intake
is only established when there’s enough evidence to support it
it is set two standard deviations above EAR to meet the needs of most all people
Explain the Adequate Intake (AIs) category in the DRIs
the guide when insufficient evidence is available to establish an RDA
Explain the Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) category in the DRIs
this is the upper limit of a nutrient an person should consume before could become a health risk
What is My Plate?
a visual tool of the five food groups - grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, and protein - arrange don a plate to show proper portions
What is the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
a publication that is updated every five years with current nutrition standards
What can adipocytes (fat cells) do?
store fat for long term
