Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Anthropology?
The study of humans
What do Anthropologists study?
They study the biological and social past and present of humanity
What does Anthropology explore?
Cultural diversity, human origins, past human societies, and human languages
Why are humans so diverse?
Because people have adapted to the environment physically and socially
Holism
How everything interacts and influences each other
The parts of the system that interconnect and interact to make up the whole
____, _____, _____, _____ are four key approaches that anthropologists use to do their research
Holism, Comparison, Dynamism, and Fieldwork
What do anthropologists compare?
They compare and contrast data to see what we have in common and how we’ve changed over time
Dynamism
Ability to change/adapt
How we are able to adapt to survive as a species
Fieldwork
Zhang Qian
One of the first people to study and document cultural differences and introduce these differences (such as Buddhism) into Chinese culture through travel
Ibn Battuta
One of the first people to write his own cultural observations aka pre-anthro
Age of Discovery
European Colonization (exploitation and political work)
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one’s culture is better than others
Age of Enlightenment
An era where science was used to question authority and religion
Charles Lyell
A geologist who discovered the earth must have gradually changed over time
Herbert Spencer
He was inspired by using scientific methods to understand social evolution (the idea that societies have become larger and more complex over time
Lewis Henry Morgan
Said societies progress through the same stage development: savagery-barbarism-civilization
Falsely stated that societies are more “advanced” through their technological development
Participant Observation Fieldwork
Method of immersive long standing fieldwork that current anthropologists use
Franz Boas
Founder of American Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
focuses on similarities and differences among living societies. Remove their biases to understand others
Cultural Relativism
The idea that cultures differ but are not better or worse than each other
Margaret Mead
Believes Socialization plays more of a role than nature in terms of child development
Indigenous
Native people who know about the environment through prolonged exposure
What are the anthropological subdisciplines?
Archoelogy, Cultural Anthro, Biological Anthropology, and Linguistic Anthropology
Bronislaw Malinowski
Revised what Lewis Morgan said and claimed that cultures that seem backward are not but every culture and is designed to fulfill the social and biological needs of people. All societies use religion and science.
Emile Durkheim
Explained how religion is a set of practices and beliefs to sacred things. Code of Morality
Belief
Relies on trust and faith
Human Biology
How the human body is affected by different physical environments, cultural influences, and and nutrition
Human Variation
Physiological differences among humans around the world
Human Adaptation
Physiological responses and genetic advantages populations have to survive
Scientific Method
What scientists use to prove something is true or not
Jean Piget
kids are curious by nature hence natural scientists
Maria Montessori
Was interested in how kids learn and developed her own teaching/learning method
Natural Processes, Phenomenons, and forces
Things that can be proven with a scientific explanation
Why does science exclude the supernatural from study?
It’s hard to prove the supernatural with the scientific method
Hypothesis
An educated guess/explanation why something is or isn’t the way it is (scientists use this for directing their research)