Chapter 1 Flashcards
Just four years after Watson proposed his view that children are blank slates, whose ideas, preferences, and skills are shaped by the environment, Gesell came forth w/ which perspective of child development?
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳a) environment was the main principle of development.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳b) children are inherently good.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳c) children are inherently evil.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) biological maturation was the main principle of development.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) biological maturation was the main principle of development.
With negative reinforcement
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳a) you eliminate an unwanted behavior by administering something bad.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳b) negative reinforcement is the same as punishment.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳c) you increase a desired behavior by taking away something unpleasant.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) you decrease an unwanted behavior by withholding something desired.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳c) you increase a desired behavior by taking away something unpleasant.
Who suggested that we develop in a healthy fashion by confronting & resolving developmental crises in our lives? ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳a) Sigmund Freud ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳b) Erik Erikson ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳c) Alfred Adler ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) Karen Horney
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳b) Erik Erikson
Which thinker suggested that children are born a "tabula rasa?" ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳a) Alfred Binet ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳b) Jean-Jacques Rousseau ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳c) Sigmund Freud ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) John Locke.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) John Locke.
What is the correct order of Freud’s psychosexual stages?
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.
The concept of shaping suggests
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳a) children learn through observation only.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳b) complex behaviors can be taught by reinforcing small steps toward behavioral goals.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳c) children will behave the way they behave regardless of parental intervention.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) children will engage in more disruptive behaviors if you attempt to ignore them.
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳b) complex behaviors can be taught by reinforcing small steps toward behavioral goals.
Who suggested that we develop in a healthy fashion by confronting & resolving series of developmental crises in our lives?
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳Erik Erikson
In Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, children pass through 4 distinct stages, which are…
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳sensorimotor
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳preoperational
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳concrete operations
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳formal operations
Which research strategy only involves the study of the same individuals over a period of time?
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳longitudinal
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳sequential
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳cross-sectional
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳longitudinal approach
How is the definition of “child” different from that of “infant?”
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳Infancy: first 2 years of life
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳childhood: birth-puberty.
How is t h e o r y defined?
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳related sets of statements about events.
Which stage in Erikson’s theory involves development of independence?
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳autonomy vs. shame & doubt.
The application of learning theory in helping children overcome behavior disorders to cope with adjustment problems is often referred to as ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳a) sensitization learning ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳b) classical conditioning ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳c)psychology of adjustment ･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) behavior modification
･ﾟ ✧ . ˖˳d) behavior modification
