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Microprocessors > Chapter 1-1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three ages of the history of computers?

A

Mechanical Age, Electrical Age, Microprocessor Age

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2
Q

Was the first mechanical calculator

A

Abacus

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3
Q

When was the abacus invented?

A

500 BC

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4
Q

Who invented the abacus?

A

Babylonians

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5
Q

What was the calculator that Blaise Pascal made out of?

A

gears and wheels

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6
Q

Who invented a calculator constructed of gears and wheels?

A

Blaise Pascal

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7
Q

When did Blaise Pascal invent a calculator of gears and wheels?

A

1642

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8
Q

How many teeth did each gear of Blaise Pascal’s calculator have?

A

10 teeth

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9
Q

What kind of programming language was named after Blaise Pascal?

A

PASCAL programming language

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10
Q

An early pioneer of mechanical computing machinery

A

Charles Babbage

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11
Q

What was the first mechanical computer called?

A

Analytical Engine

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12
Q

Who invented the analytical engine?

A

Charles Babbage

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13
Q

Who aided Charles Babbage with mechanical computing machinery?

A

Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace

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14
Q

Who commissioned to build a programmable calculating machine?

A

Royal Astronomical Society

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15
Q

When did the Royal Astronomical Society commissioned to build a programmable calculating machine?

A

1823

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16
Q

Purpose of the Royal Astronomical Society’s commission to build a programmable calculating machine.

A

Royal Navy navigational tables

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17
Q

What powers Babbage’s Analytical Engine?

A

steam; steam-powered

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18
Q

What can Babbage’s analytical machine store?

A

a thousand 20-digit decimal numbers

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19
Q

Assumed to be the origin of the idea for punched cards.

A

Joseph Jacquard

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20
Q

What did Joseph Jacquard invent?

A

Weaving Machine

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21
Q

When was the weaving machine invented?

A

1801

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22
Q

Who conceived the electrical motor?

A

Michael Faraday

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23
Q

When was the electric motor invented?

A

1800s/1821

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24
Q

Was a handheld electronic calculator introduced by Bomar Corporation

A

Bomar Brain

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25
Q

Who invented the Bomar Brain?

A

Bomar Corporation

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26
Q

Who developed punched cards for storing data?

A

Herman Hollerith

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27
Q

When did Herman Hollerith develop punched cards for storing data?

A

1889

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28
Q

What were the punched cards used in early computer systems called?

A

Hollerith cards

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29
Q

12-bit code used on a punched card

A

Hollerith code

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30
Q

How many bits of code can be used on a punched card?

A

12-bit

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31
Q

Invented the first modern electromechanical computer

A

Konrad Zuse

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32
Q

What was the first modern electromechanical computer?

A

Z3

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33
Q

Probable reason for the invention of Z3

A

aircraft and missile design

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34
Q

What was the Z3 relay logic frequency clocked at?

A

5.33 Hz

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35
Q

Son of Konrad Zuse

A

Horst Zuse

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36
Q

Electronic computer used to break secret German military codes

A

Colossus

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37
Q

Who invented the Colossus?

A

Alan Turing

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38
Q

What was the Colossus made out of?

A

Vacuum Tubes

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39
Q

Mechanical machine that made the secret German military codes.

A

Enigma Machine

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40
Q

A fixed-program computer system is often called today as a ________.

A

Special-Purpose Computer

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41
Q

What does ENIAC stand for?

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator

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42
Q

First general-purpose, programmable electronic computer system

A

ENIAC

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43
Q

When was ENIAC developed?

A

1946

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44
Q

Where was ENIAC developed?

A

University of Pennsylvania

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45
Q

How many vacuum tubes; how much wires; how much weight; how many operations per second; did ENIAC have?

A

17 000; 500 miles; over 30 tons; 100 000 operations per second

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46
Q

How was ENIAC programmed?

A

Rewiring Circuits

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47
Q

Why did ENIAC require frequent maintenance?

A

vacuum tube service life

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48
Q

Who developed the transistor?

A

John Bardeen, William Shockley, Walter Brattain

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49
Q

Where was the transistor developed?

A

Bell Labs

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50
Q

When was the transistor developed?

A

December 23, 1947

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51
Q

Who invented the integrated circuit?

A

Jack Kilby

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52
Q

When was the IC invented?

A

1958

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53
Q

Where did Jack Kilby work?

A

Texas Instruments

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54
Q

What does RTL mean?

A

Resistor-to-Transistor Logic

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55
Q

Where/Who developed the first microprocessor

A

Intel Corporation

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56
Q

When was the first microprocessor developed?

A

1971

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57
Q

Who developed the 4004 microprocessor

A

Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, Stan Mazor

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58
Q

The patent for the 4004

A

US Patent 3 821 715

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59
Q

The first ______ was constructed of ones and zeros using binary codes.

A

Machine Language

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60
Q

Groups of instructions

A

Program

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61
Q

First modern person to develop a system to accept instructions and store them in memory.

A

John Von Neumann

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62
Q

What are computers often called?

A

von Neumann machines

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63
Q

What does UNIVAC mean?

A

Universal Automatic Computer

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64
Q

Was used to simplify entering binary code

A

Assembly Language

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65
Q

Allows programmers to use mnemonic codes in place of a binary number

A

Assembler

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66
Q

First high-level programming language

A

FLOWMATIC

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67
Q

Who developed FLOWMATIC?

A

Grace Hopper

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68
Q

When was FLOWMATIC developed?

A

1957

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69
Q

Allowed programmers to develop programs that used formulas to solve mathematical problems

A

FORTRAN

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70
Q

What does FORTRAN mean?

A

Formula Translator

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71
Q

Who invented FORTRAN?

A

IBM

72
Q

What does IBM stand for?

A

International Business Machines Corporation

73
Q

Similar language to FORTRAN but was introduced about a year later

A

ALGOL

74
Q

What does ALGOL stand for?

A

Algorithmic Language

75
Q

First successfully widespread programming language for business applications.

A

COBOL

76
Q

What does COBOL stand for?

A

Computer Business Oriented Language

77
Q

A once popular business language that allows programming by specifying form of the input, output, and calculations.

A

RPG or Report Program Generator

78
Q

Among most of the common languages today that is probably easiest of all to learn

A

BASIC

79
Q

World’s first microprocessor

A

Intel 4004

80
Q

How many bits does Intel 4004 have?

A

4-bits

81
Q

A binary digit with a value of 1 or 0

A

Bit

82
Q

What do you call a 4-bit-wide memory location?

A

Nibble

83
Q

How many instructions did the Intel 4004 instruction set have?

A

45 instructions

84
Q

What codes are calculators typically based on?

A

4-bit BCD

85
Q

What does BCD stand for?

A

Binary Coded Decimal

86
Q

An updated version of the Intel 4004

A

Intel 4040

87
Q

An extended 8-bit version of the Intel 4004

A

Intel 8008

88
Q

When was the Intel 8008 released?

A

1971

89
Q

Is generally an 8-bit wide binary number

A

Byte

90
Q

Actual number of bytes in K

A

1024

91
Q

How much memory did Intel 8008 have?

A

16kB

92
Q

How many instructions does Intel 8008 have?

A

48 instructions

93
Q

First of the modem 8-bit microprocessors

A

Intel 8080

94
Q

When was the Intel 8080 introduced?

A

1973

95
Q

8-bit microprocessor introduced by the Motorola Corporation

A

MC6800

96
Q

8-bit microprocessor introduced by Fairchild

A

F-8

97
Q

8-bit microprocessor introduced by MOS Technology

A

6502

98
Q

8-bit microprocessor introduced by National Semiconductor

A

IMP-8

99
Q

8-bit microprocessor introduced by Rockwell International

A

PPS-8

100
Q

8-bit microprocessor introduced by Zilog

A

Z-8

101
Q

What is the Motorola microprocessor division that was sold called now?

A

Freescale Semiconductors, Inc.

102
Q

Company that still manufactures microprocessors but more on microcontrollers and embedded controllers than general-purpose microprocessors

A

Zilog

103
Q

How much memory did Intel 8080 have?

A

64kB

104
Q

How many instructions did 8080 have?

A

76 instructions

105
Q

How much faster is 8080 than 8008?

A

10x faster

106
Q

What does TTL mean?

A

transistor-transistor logic

107
Q

What was compatible for 8080 that was not directly compatible to 8008?

A

TTL

108
Q

First personal computer

A

MITS Altair 8800

109
Q

What does MITS stand for?

A

Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems

110
Q

When was MITS Altair 8800 released?

A

1974

111
Q

Who developed BASIC language interpreter for the Altair 8800 computer?

A

Bill Gates and Paul Allen

112
Q

Founders of Microsoft Corporation

A

Bill Gates and Paul Allen

113
Q

When was the BASIC language interpreter for Altair 8800 developed?

A

1975

114
Q

Was the last 8-bit, general purpose microprocessor developed by Intel

A

Intel 8085

115
Q

When was Intel 8085 introrduced?

A

1977

116
Q

Number of instructions of Intel 8085

A

246

117
Q

Instructions per second of Intel 8085

A

769 230

118
Q

Instructions per second of Intel 8080

A

500 000

119
Q

Instructions per second of 8008

A

50 000

120
Q

16-bit microprocessors released by Intel

A

8086 & 8088

121
Q

When were 16-bit microprocessors first released by Intel?

A

1978

122
Q

How much memory does 8086 and 8088 have?

A

1MB

123
Q

Actual number of bytes in 1MB

A

1 048 576

124
Q

How many instructions for Intel 8086&8088

A

over 20 000

125
Q

Instructions per second of 8086/8088

A

2.5 millions

126
Q

What were 8086 and 8088 called because of the additional instructions that eased task of developing efficient and sophisticated applications

A

CISC

127
Q

What does CISC mean?

A

Complex Instruction Set Computers

128
Q

When was the popularity of Intel ensured?

A

1981

129
Q

An updated Intel 8086

A

Intel 80286

130
Q

When was Intel 80286 introduced?

A

1983

131
Q

Instructions per second of 80286

A

4 millions

132
Q

32-Bit microprocessor by Intel

A

Intel 80386

133
Q

When was Intel 80386 introduced

A

1986

134
Q

How much memory did 80386 have?

A

4GB

135
Q

Exact number of bytes in GB

A

1 073 741 824

136
Q

Was called an embedded PC because it contains all components of the AT class computer on a single integrated circuit

A

Intel 80386EX

137
Q

How many lines does 80386EX have for input/output data?

A

24

138
Q

How many bits address bus does 80386EX have?

A

26-bit

139
Q

How many bits data bus does 80386EX have?

A

16-bit

140
Q

When was the Intel 80486 introduced?

A

1989

141
Q

Is an Intel double-clocked microprocessor

A

80486DX2

142
Q

Rate of instructions execution for double-clocked

A

66MHz

143
Q

Rate of memory transfers for double-clocked

A

33MHz

144
Q

Similar to 80386 and 80486 and was originally labeled as P5.

A

Pentium Miroprocessor

145
Q

Original label of Pentium Microprocessor

A

P5

146
Q

When was Pentium introduced?

A

1993

147
Q

speed of Pentium

A

110MIPs

148
Q

What can Intel allow Pentium to replace?

A

RISC

149
Q

What does RISC stand for?

A

Reduced Instruction Set Computer

150
Q

What made some newer RISC processors execute more than one instruction per clock possible?

A

Superscaler Technology

151
Q

Microprocessor formerly named P6

A

Pentium Pro Processor

152
Q

How many transistors does Pentium Pro Processor have?

A

21 million

153
Q

Clock frequency of Pentium Pro Processor

A

150 and 166 MHz

154
Q

How many L1 cache does Pentium Pro Processor have?

A

16K

155
Q

How many L2 cache does Pentium Pro Processor have?

A

256K

156
Q

How many execution engines does Pentium Pro Processor use?

A

3

157
Q

Where was Pentium Pro often bundled with?

A

Windows NT

158
Q

Memory system that Pentium Pro can address

A

4GB or 64GB

159
Q

Address bus of Pentium Pro if configured for 64GB memory

A

36-bit

160
Q

When was Pentium Pro introduced?

A

1995

161
Q

Intel microprocessor that was placed on a small circuit board instead of being an integrated circuit

A

Pentium II

162
Q

When was Pentium II released?

A

1997

163
Q

Bus speed of newer Pentium II

A

100MHz

164
Q

When did Intel change Pentium II bus speed?

A

1998

165
Q

Specifically designed for high-end workstation and server applications

A

Pentium Xeon

166
Q

When was Pentium Xeon released?

A

mid-1998

167
Q

Clock frequency of Pentium III

A

1GHz

168
Q

When was the Pentium 4 first made available?

A

late 2000

169
Q

Most recent version of Pentium

A

Core2

170
Q

Speed of Pentium 4

A

3.2 Ghz

171
Q

What memory does the supporting chips for Pentium 4 use?

A

RAMBUS or DDR

172
Q

Speed of Core2

A

3 GHz

173
Q

What were included in the recent modifications to Pentium 4 and Core2

A

64-bit core and multiple cores

174
Q

How many address pins is needed for 1T memory to be accessed?

A

40

175
Q

New Intel architecture 64 bits in width and 128-bit data bus

A

Itanium

176
Q

Joint Venture of Intel and Hewlett-Packard

A

EPIC - Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing

177
Q

When was the Itanium released?

A

2002

Microprocessors (28 decks)

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