Chapt 5 Immunology

Question 1

T lymphocyte

Answer 1

CD4 cells & help activate B cells

Question 2

Primary response

Answer 2

First exposure of a foreign substance (immunogen) to the immune system, after the immunogen is processed by immunocompetent cells, antibody appears in 7-14 days & is primarily of the IgM class

Question 3

Prozone

Answer 3

Term used to refer to the presence of excess antibody resulting in a false-negative test

Question 4

Hemolysis

Answer 4

Distruption of the RBC membrane, resulting in a release of hemoglobin into the plasma or cell suspension medium

Question 5

Constant region

Answer 5

Area of the immunoglobulin molecule that is composed of a relatively constant amino acid sequence

Question 6

Direct antiglobulin test

Answer 6

Serologic test to detect the in vivo binding of antibody or complement to RBCs, useful in cases of AIHA, drug-induced hemolytic anemia, transfusion reactions, & HDN

Question 7

Antigen

Answer 7

Substance capable of reacting with the product of an immune response, often used in place of immunogen, although not all antigens are immunogens

Question 8

Autologous

Answer 8

Self

Question 9

Humoral immunity

Answer 9

Aspect of immunity that is mediated by secreted antibodies (as opposed to cell-mediated immunity which involves T lymphs) produced in the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage (B cell), secreted antibodies bind to antigens on the surfaces of invading microbes (such as viruses or bacteria), which flags them for destruction, it involves substances found in the humours, or body fluids

Question 10

Anamnestic response

Answer 10

Heightened level of immune response that occurs with the second exposure to an immunogen (antigen), response occurs in 24-48 hrs & normally produces a high level of IgG

Question 11

Immunoglobulin

Answer 11

Proteins capable of acting as antibodies IgG,A,M,E,D

Question 12

Variable region

Answer 12

Region of an antibody molecule in which specificity is determined by the amino acid sequence

Question 13

Elution

Answer 13

Procedure that removes antibody bound to the RBC, this antibody goes into the eluate, which can be used for serologic testing

Question 14

Agglutination

Answer 14

Second stage of an antigen-antibody reaction when the antigen is particulate, this follows sensitization & is the visible stage of reaction

Question 15

Sensitization

Answer 15

Initial stage of an antigen-antibody reaction in which the antibody attaches to the antigen, usually an invisible reaction

Question 16

Indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)

Answer 16

Procedure used to detect in vitro binding of antibody/complement to antigen, IAT has applications in antibody detection & ID, phenotyping, & compatibility tests

Question 17

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 17

An immune response that doesn’t involve antibodies/complement but rather involves that activation of macrophages, NK cells, antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphs, & the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen