Chap1: Introduction Flashcards
Book of Frank-Martin Belz
Sustainability Marketing 2nd
What did contribute to the population increase in the 20th century?
- Food production was revolutionized by the green revolution mid and late of 20th century–> Increase in the production yield because of fertilizers+ High yield crops+ multiple cropping–> more people were fed ( Norman Borlaug)
- Revolution in the medical industry Alexander bleming ( Penisilin): higher Life expectancy
- -> exponential population growth from 1 bio in 1830 to over 6 bio in 2000
What mindset dominated in the 20th century?
Some key ideas dominated in the 20th century:
1- Economic growth is necessary to genertate wealth and improve the quality of life
2- Technocentric approach believing that problems related to resource efficiency, waste and pollution could be solved through the application of science and technology (Prometheanism)
3- Markets are not only efficient in allocating scarce resources but also can replace the services provided before by the state-enterprises, and hence tackle some social consequences of economic and population growth. (This thinking is caused by the collapse of communist economies in east-european countries.
Consumption, Wealth: What happened in the 20th century?
- Technology innovation ( space explorations, flights, wars, computerized information)
- The end of the colonial empire, growth of a more globalized popular culture–>From local economy to international market
- Mobility ( cars, planes…): Besides consumption–> tourism ( mass tourism)
- Changing consumer wealth: democratization of consumption –> From basic needs to self-fulfillment needs
Social Challenges for the twenty-First century
1- World population: 6 bio with half of it leaving with less than 2 dollars a day, and one sixth illetrate.
2- Health issues: Malaria and Tubercolosis are curable diseases but they still acount for high casualties in poor regions. In rich ones there is a rise of lifestyle-related issues such as obesity
3- Urbanization: big migration to cities( today urban population counts up 54% of the total world population)+ 16 megacities+ 2bio people living in slums by 2030 –> Fast pace life style
–> Consumer classes: Poor, Middle, Affluent ( extravagent)
What are the environmental challenges of the 21st century?
1- Resource depletion caused by technology: development in skills/ processes of extracting raw materials –> more raw materials are needed( oil+ mineral commodities consumption )
2- Ecosystem damage: 60% of ecosystem services have been degradaded+ Biodiversity losses
3- Water: 1.1 bio lacked access to clean water sources, 2.4 bio have no access to sanitation services–> 2.2 bio die from diseases related to lack of safe drinking water and inadequate sanitation
4- Climate Change: CO2 Emissions–> rise of global average temperatures–> Disruption of global climatic systems
What’s the current level of carbon dioxide emissions?
400 parts per million (The present concentration is the highest in at least the past 800,000 years)
(1 ppm corresponds to 1 mg/L)
What law/ Formula help us measure the impact of people on natural environment?
IPAT formula:
Impact= Population x Affluence x Technology
Give examples of IPAT!
Oil, Sand, Fish, Soil& Water Peak
( Water became a non-renewable resource)
Sinks: water, air, soil
The sustainable develpement question was raised in a certain historical context which is ?
- Challenges in both 20th and 21st centries
What is sustainable development?
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
What are the key principles of sustainability?
1- Meeting human needs–> Anthropocentric approach: Healthy and sustainable environment are necessary for human well-being
2- Equity: Fairer distribution of the costs and benefits of economic development among different countries, regions, races…
3- Intergenerational: Balance between present needs and those of future generations
4- Global environmentalism: Environment is holistic, dynamic, vulnerable–> finite ability to provide resources and ecosystem services
Give the consumer classes example for 4 categories of consumption, namely: housing, diet, transport, materials
What’s the highest risk in likelihood and impact in global risk landscape of 2016 by WEF?
Failure in climate change mitigaition and adaptation
Do you know what the UN Cop 21 agreement state?
a) Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C
b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions
c) Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development.
Can you name 7 of the 17 SDGs ? :D
We can have 4 types of marketing according to the focus and scope, these are?
According to:
- *Scope:** Narrow vs Broad
- *Focus:** Relationships vs commercial transactions
