Chap 9/10

Question 1

What is lateral flexion?

Answer 1

Side bending of the spine

Lateral flexion is a movement that occurs primarily in the frontal plane.

Question 2

Define flexion.

Answer 2

Decreasing the angle between two bones (e.g., bending the elbow)

Flexion typically occurs in the sagittal plane.

Question 3

What is adduction?

Answer 3

Movement toward the midline (e.g., lowering arm to side)

Adduction is the opposite of abduction.

Question 4

What is abduction?

Answer 4

Movement away from the midline (e.g., raising arm laterally)

Abduction occurs in the frontal plane.

Question 5

Define plantar flexion.

Answer 5

Pointing the toes downward (e.g., pressing a gas pedal)

Plantar flexion occurs at the ankle joint.

Question 6

List three characteristics of cardiac muscle.

Answer 6

• Involuntary
• Striated
• Branched

Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart.

Question 7

What are intercalated discs?

Answer 7

Structures in cardiac muscle for electrical coupling and coordination

Intercalated discs allow for synchronized contractions of the heart.

Question 8

List three characteristics of skeletal muscle.

Answer 8

• Voluntary
• Striated
• Multinucleated

Skeletal muscle is under conscious control.

Question 9

What is the role of somatic motor neurons?

Answer 9

Directly stimulate skeletal muscles to contract

Somatic motor neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 10

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 10

Found in red blood cells; transports oxygen in the bloodstream

Hemoglobin is essential for oxygen delivery to tissues.

Question 11

What is myoglobin?

Answer 11

Found in muscle cells; stores oxygen for use

Myoglobin provides a reserve of oxygen for muscles during activity.