Chap 29

Question 1

What is capacitation in the context of fertilization?

Answer 1

Sperm undergo functional changes, taking several hours to penetrate the egg

The first sperm to reach the egg may not fertilize it due to this delay.

Question 2

How many cells are present after the first division of the zygote?

Answer 2

2 cells

Question 3

How many cells are present by the second day after fertilization?

Answer 3

4 cells

Question 4

How many cells are present by the third day after fertilization?

Answer 4

~16 cells (morula)

Question 5

When does implantation occur after fertilization?

Answer 5

~6-7 days after fertilization

Question 6

What structure attaches to the endometrium during implantation?

Answer 6

Blastocyst

Question 7

When does heart formation begin during embryonic development?

Answer 7

During the third week of development

Question 8

What is one function of the placenta?

Answer 8

Facilitates exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between mother and fetus

Question 9

What hormone does the placenta secrete to maintain pregnancy?

Answer 9

Progesterone

Question 10

What hormone does the placenta secrete to suppress FSH and LH?

Answer 10

Inhibin

Question 11

What hormone does the placenta secrete to relax the uterus and pelvic ligaments?

Answer 11

Relaxin

Question 12

When does the embryonic stage end?

Answer 12

Typically by the eighth week

Question 13

What respiratory change occurs during pregnancy?

Answer 13

Expiratory reserve volume decreases due to upward displacement of the diaphragm

Question 14

What cardiovascular change occurs during pregnancy?

Answer 14

Heart rate increases

Question 15

What leads to greater cardiac output during pregnancy?

Answer 15

Increased stroke volume