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PCP Physiology 💚🧬 > Chap 24 > Flashcards

Chap 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

The largest cavity, housing abdominal organs, and containing blood and lymphatic vessels.

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2
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Holds the intestines in place and contains the most fat.

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3
Q

What are the roles of the omentum?

A

Fat storage and immune response roles.

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4
Q

What is the function of the falciform ligament?

A

Anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.

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5
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Breakdown of food into smaller pieces via chewing, churning, and segmentation.

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6
Q

Where does mechanical digestion occur?

A

Mouth (chewing/mastication), Stomach (churning), Small intestine (segmentation contractions).

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7
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Breakdown of food molecules into simpler forms via enzymes.

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8
Q

Where does chemical digestion occur?

A

Mouth (salivary amylase for carbohydrates), Stomach (pepsin for proteins), Small intestine (enzymes from pancreas and brush border enzymes for all macromolecules).

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9
Q

What is the mucosa?

A

Inner layer for secretion and absorption.

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10
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

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11
Q

What is the function of the muscularis?

A

Smooth muscle responsible for peristalsis (propulsion of food).

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12
Q

What is the serosa?

A

Outer layer providing structural support.

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13
Q

What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter?

A

Regulates entry of food into the esophagus.

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14
Q

What does the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevent?

A

Prevents reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus.

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15
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter control?

A

Controls passage of chyme from stomach to small intestine.

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16
Q

What is the function of the ileocecal valve?

A

Regulates movement of chyme from the small to large intestine.

17
Q

What do anal sphincters control?

A

Control defecation.

18
Q

What is produced by parietal cells in the stomach?

A

Intrinsic Factor

Intrinsic Factor is essential for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine.

19
Q

What is the term for chewed food mixed with saliva?

A

Bolus

Bolus is formed in the mouth and travels down the esophagus.

20
Q

What do we call partially digested food mixed with gastric juices?

A

Chyme

Chyme is found in the stomach and small intestine.

21
Q

What is the semi-solid waste after water absorption called?

A

Feces

Feces are formed in the large intestine.

22
Q

What hormone is produced in the duodenum and stimulates bile release?

A

CCK (Cholecystokinin)

CCK also stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes.

23
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Lymphatic vessels in the small intestine

Lacteals absorb dietary fats and form chyle, a milky lymph.

24
Q

What is the function of segmentation contractions in the small intestine?

A

Mix and churn food to enhance digestion and absorption

Segmentation contractions increase the efficiency of nutrient absorption.

25
Q

Where is most water reabsorbed in the digestive system?

A

Small intestine

Additional reabsorption occurs in the large intestine.

26
Q

What are bile salts and where are they produced?

A

Produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder

Bile salts emulsify fats to increase surface area for enzymatic digestion.

27
Q

What is the function of lipases?

A

Digest lipids

Lipases are one of the pancreatic products involved in digestion.

28
Q

What do proteases digest?

A

Proteins

Proteases are enzymes secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum.

29
Q

What is the role of bicarbonate buffer in the digestive system?

A

Neutralizes acidic chyme entering the duodenum

Bicarbonate buffer is produced by the pancreas.

30
Q

What do High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) do?

A

Transport cholesterol to the liver for excretion

HDL is considered beneficial for heart health.

PCP Physiology 💚🧬 (14 decks)

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