Chap 8 Flashcards
1
Q
Americans still watch tv
A
- Am spend an avg of 31 hrs a week watching tv
- ages 18-24 watch about 20 hours and 14 min each week
- ages 50-61 watch 43 hrs and 41 minutes
2
Q
the beginning of tv
A
- world tv 1st appeared in june 1907 issue of scientific american
- before then experiments in image transmission had been called “visual wireless” or “electric vision”
3
Q
nipkow disc
A
- GE 1884, Paul Nipkow suggested that pictures could also travel electronically
- patented “Nipkow Disc”, basically 1st ever image scanner
- concept was to use radio waves to transmit images
- called it “electrical telescope”
4
Q
Vladimir Zwarykin
A
- worked for westinghouse/rca
- developed an all electronic system to transform a visual image into an electric signal that traveled through air
- when the signal reached tv receiver the signal transformed again to a visual image for the viewer
- mechanical scanner
- built off Nipkows ideas, but used 2 discs
5
Q
Philo T Farnsworth
A
- worked aline in CA in a lab he built himself
- grew up on a farm
- made the cathode ray tube that he called a dissector tube
- used electronic scanner to reproduce electronic image more clearly than Nip mechanical scanning device
- came up w/ idea when he was 14 and got patent in 1930 when he was 24
6
Q
TV’s big commercial debut
A
- 1939 world’s fair in nyc, RCA’s Sarnoff introduced tv
- other manufacturers like Emerson soon followed but it took several years for TV to become an essential part of daily life
7
Q
og programming
A
- variety shows
- sitcoms
- drama
- western
- detective stories
- movies
- soaps
- talk shows
- quiz shows
8
Q
tv begins to replace radio
A
- by ‘45 only 10 stations were on tv in the US
- in ‘49 the year began w/ radio dorwning 81% of all broadcast audiences but by end of year, tv was grabbing 41% of the broadcast network
- Sarnoff + Paley were most responsible for developing tv as an industry
- broadcast news pioneered by radio, awkwardly adapted to tv
9
Q
quiz show scandals
A
- sponsored by Revlon, CBS $64000 question premiered June 7th 1953 where people answered ?’s from isolation booth
- by sept show drew 85% all tv aud
- complaints to congress + investigation
- ‘59 revlon was implicated on charges that quiz shows were rigged for ratings
- charles van doren won $129000 on the quiz show 21, facing contestant Herb Stempel, both admitted it was staged
10
Q
1960’s bring more criticism
A
- after quiz show scandals aud become more discriminating and began to ??? how well the medium was serving public
- newton minow became chair of FCC in ‘61
- speaking to the Nat. Assoc. of Broadcasters, Minow asked station owners to watch own programs
- called tv “A vast wasteland”
11
Q
public tv
A
- NET (Nat. Educational TV) emerged in ‘63 to provide NAt programming sponsored mainly by foundations w/ some federal support
- in ‘67 ford doundation agreed to help pay for several hrs of evening programs
- pbs was created to distribute educational programs
- seaseme street, the french chef, PBS news hour were among biggest hits
- in ‘81 FCC began easing some rules sponsors can now make announcements
12
Q
modern trends in programming
A
- shrinking role of networks
- demand for diverse programming
13
Q
Shrinking role of networks
A
-‘86 saw 1st decline in ad. rev. Today bc there are many sources of TV programming available even most popular shows attract a small % of overall aud
14
Q
Demand for diverse programming
A
-univision often draws more primetime views in the 18-34 range than any of the traditional broadcast networks. The main reason was telenovelas
15
Q
Satellite TV
A
- June 10th 1962 Telstar 1 sent 1st transatlantic satellite broadcast
- dec ‘68 TV demonstrated technological sophistication with its live broadcast from Apollo spacecraft while the ship circled the moon.
- a single modern communication satellite can carry more than 30000 phone calls and 3 tv channels
