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COM 105: Understanding Media > Chap 7 > Flashcards

Chap 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Sequential Photography

A

Etienne-Jules Marey

Eadweard Muybridge

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2
Q

Etienne-Jules Marey

A

Charted a horses movement on graphs + published the info in Animal Mechanism

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3
Q

Eadweard Muybridge

A

A photographer who was hired by a railroad millionaire Leland Stanford to settle a $25,000 bet that during a trot all 4 horse’s hooves leave the ground

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4
Q

Eadweard Muybridge pt 2

A

In 1877 they built a track w/ 12 cameras precisely placed, the horse tripped a series of wires as it ran which in turn tripped the cameras shutters (photo finish)

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5
Q

Kinetoscope

A

-Thomas Edison created the kinetoscope perforating the edges of the film so as it moved through the camera, sprockets in the camera grabbed the perforations and locked the film in place, minimizing the jumps

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6
Q

Peepshow Viewer

A
  • William Dickson looped the strip of film over a lamp + a magnifying lens in a box 2 feet wide and 4 feet tall, and stood on the floor w/ a peephole in the top
  • April 14th 1894 1st parlor opened in NYC
  • 25 cents people see 10 diff 90 sec black & white films
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7
Q

Vitoscope

A
  • 1896 Edison and Armat organized 1st American Motion Picture premiere w/ a camera developed by Armat. Edison called the new machine the “vitoscope” and Am. 1st public showing of the motion picture was at a NY theater
  • Edison sat in box seat, Armat ran projector
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8
Q

Motion Pict. Patents Company

A
  • New company called “biograph” manufactured a better motion picture than Edisons.
  • As a result Edison was losing business.
  • In 1908 biograph + Ediosn signed an agreement forming the motion picture patent company. (MPPC)
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9
Q

Early tricks + special effects

A
  • George Melies

- Edwin S. Porter

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10
Q

George Melies

A
  • used camera tricks to make people disappear and reappear, and grow and shrink.
  • “A trip to the moon”
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11
Q

Edwin S. Porter

A
  • Edison Employee
  • “Great train robbery”
  • used 12 diff scenes w/ dissolves and action
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12
Q

A star is born

A
  • no actors in early movies got screen credit
  • in 1909 an independent production company stole Florence from Biograph and gave her screen credit, and made her Americas 1st movie star
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13
Q

America’s 1st movie star

A
  • Studio System

- Star System

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14
Q

Studio System

A

hiring a stable salaried star and production people under exclusive contracts t a certain studio. Studios owned actors.

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15
Q

Star System

A

promoted popular movie personalities to lure audience

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16
Q

Transition to talkies

A
  • All early films were black and white silent films

- Sound wasn’t invented until the 1920’s

17
Q

Move to Hollywood

A
  • LA times owner Harry Chandler sold land in CA to studios

- 1920’s

18
Q

Block Booking

A

Theaters signed up dozens of films as a “package” instead of a single movie
-1920’s

19
Q

United Artists

A

in 1919 several popular actors created their own studio to distribute independent pictures. (The Most of Zorro, Robin Hood, 3 Musk.)
-1920’s

20
Q

Self Regulation

A

Was driven Mostly by scandal

-1920’s

21
Q

1930’s bring 5 major studios

A 
Warner Bros
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM)
Paramount
RKO
Twentieth Century Fox
(all vertically integrated. Produced movies, distributed them, owned theaters that guaranteed showings)
22
Q

Walt Disney

A
  • Successful Hollywood newcomer in 1930’s
  • 1928 “Steamboat Willie” 1st animated sound cartoon
  • 1937 1st full length feature animated film “Snow White”
23
Q

Surviving the Depression

A
  • Box office sales dropped in the 30’s
  • in 1937 National Labor Relations Board held an election that designated the screen actors Guild to bargain for wages, working conditions, and overtime
  • Screen directors guild came next
  • Union agreements brought more professionalism to the business
24
Q

Golden age of movies

A
  • late 30’s/early 40’s
  • MGM produced hits like Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind
  • RKO made big stars like Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers
25
Q

Congress + the courts (start of decline)

A
  • The House Un-American Activities Committe summoned the “Hollywood 10” to testify about communist ties. Many actors, writers, etc were blacklisted
  • US vs. Paramount Pictures (1948 antitrust lawsuit) the supreme court ruled that all 5 major movie companies had to give up control of their theater. Also placed limits on black booking and blindbooking
26
Q

TV (1950’s)

A
  • In 50’s number of TV sets owned grew by 400%
  • people going to movies fell 40%
  • more than 4,000 theaters closed between 46-56 despite raising ticket prices
  • movie theater attendance continues to decline today
27
Q

Adaptation

A
  • Technological gimmicks (3d films, widescreen, stereophonic sound)
  • Changes in censorship (1952 Burstyn V. Wilson protected movies under 1st amendment, which means fewer legal restrictions on what movies can show
  • sex and violence
  • Spectaculars (theaters produce blockbusters, Sound of music, The Godfather)
28
Q

Motion Picture Association of Amer

A
  • in 1966 Jack Volent became pres of motion picture producers Assoc. and renamed it motion pic assoc of Amer (MPPA)
  • developed rating system (og; G M R X now; G PG PG!# R NC17)
29
Q

Modern trends in movies

A
  • studios make less than 20 movies a year
  • movies today are created by the writers and producers, funded by investors, sold by distributors, shown by theaters
  • avg movie costs $100 mill to make
  • ticket sales still dropping
30
Q

Ancillary rights

A 
Subscription on tv rights
Network tv rights
Airline rights
Military rights
college rights
soundtracks
book publishing
dvd reproduction
video games
31
Q

Auguste and Louis Lumiere

A
  • created an improved camera and projector that could be shown on a large screen
  • 1st public Lumiere showing was on Dec 28 1895

COM 105: Understanding Media (8 decks)

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