Chap 3 Flashcards
1
Q
5 stages of the life cycle of mass media
A
Innovation Dissemination Peak Decline Adaptation
2
Q
Ethnic and native American newspapers
A
- people outside the mainstream of society, such as Spanish and German immigrants used newspapers to create a sense of community and ethnic identity.
- native Americans felt they needed to express complaints too
- Elias Boudinot launched 1st native American paper “Cherokee Phoenix”
- Cherokee nation held control of the 4 page paper which was printed in half English and half their language
3
Q
Challenging British Control
A
- James Franklin published a newspaper in Boston called the New England Currant, and published it without the Published by Authority Stamp
- James Franklin began the tradition of an independent press in this country
4
Q
Sedition Laws
A
- created by British and carried over the American Colonies
- made it a crime to publishing content about govt. leaders
- Seditious language is language authorities believe could incite rebellion against govt.
- anyone who disobeyed could be fined up to $2000 or jailed for 2 years
- laws expired after 2 years
5
Q
Advertorial
A
print edition of infomercial
6
Q
Newspapers try to adapt
A
-w/ TV invention and the internet, newspapers are forced to seek new ways to attract readers & get money
7
Q
other factors forcing change
A
-unionization (Int. Typographical Union in the 1850’s, Newspaper Guild in 1934 which was the first union for reporters)
8
Q
opposition to stamp act of 1765
A
- 1765 British taxed publishers as last ditch effort to control American newspapers
- newspapers refused to pay
- papers published mocking the tax
- stamp act congress; no taxation without representation
9
Q
the 1800’s
A
- Frontier journalism: gold, silver, and adventure lured people west. Aided by telegraph the Indiana Gazette, Texas Gazette, Oregon Spectator, etc met the needs of the people wanting newspapers (moved easily from coast to coast)
- the wide opened land beckoned many journalists
- Samuel Clemmons
10
Q
Impact of Advertising
A
- most newspapers revenue is from advertising
- most print papers are 2/3 advertising now and some are more than 80% advertising
- newspapers make more money on print ads than online ads
11
Q
Freedom of the press
A
- in 1773 John Peter Zenger started the new York journal
- Very critical of NY governor; accused him of incompetence
- Zenger was arrested and jailed, charged with printing false and seditious writing
12
Q
Adaptation
A
- medium reaches this stage when it begins to redefine its position in the marketplace
- Learning to adapt in face of new technology
- Refocusing on consumer needs that can still be met is crucial
13
Q
The first Newspapers
A
- the first colonial was called Publik Occurrences, and was printed Sept. 12th 1690 and consisted of 2 pages of news and one blank page
- stopped print after 1sts issue bc Harris reported that the French king was sleeping with his sons daughter.
14
Q
Comp. w/ radio & TV
A
-tv influences the look and sound of many newspapers and newspapers began to offer more in depth coverage to set themselves apart.
15
Q
Declining readership
A
- staff cuts, newspaper closures, and consolidations
- decline of the two newspaper market
- newspaper chains = more common
