Chap 6 Flashcards
1
Q
Pioneers of broadcasting
A
Gugliema Marconi
Lee De Forest
Reginald Fressenden
David Sarnoff
2
Q
Gugliema Marconi
A
- Italian electrical engineer, who believed that telegraph messages should travel through space w/o electric wire.
- Developed concept of long-distance radio transmission
- Inspired other inventors to create radio
3
Q
Lee De Forest
A
- Called self “father of radio” bc in 1907 he perfected a glass bulb called the Audion, that detected radio waves.
- It was essentially an amplification device, and began what he called “broadcasts” from NY and then Paris
4
Q
Reginald Fressenden
A
- Began wireless experiments in the US in 1900 to attempt to send voices by radio waves.
- His 1906 experiment is considered the worlds 1st voice & music braodcast
5
Q
David Sarnoff
A
- 21 yr old wireless operator that related news from Nantucket island in Mass, that he received a distress call from the Titanic on his Marconi wireless radio.
- 4 yrs later he wrote a memo predicting radios future which paved the way for radio to be a business
6
Q
Early regulation
A
- As amateurs competed w/ the military for airwaves, congress decided to regulate broadcasting
- only a certain # of frequencies available to carry
7
Q
Radio act of 1912
A
Require a license for people to transmit signals
8
Q
Govt creates a monopoly
A
- Fed govt sanctioned a private company formed by General Electric, AT&T, Western Electric Comp, &; United Fruit Comp
- GE bought out American Marconi and its patents in 1919, these company’s pooled all the patents they controlled to form RCA
- RCA originally sold phonographs/radios, but eventually began to invest in broadcasting
9
Q
RCA
A
Radio Corporation of America
10
Q
Worlds 1st radio station
A
- 1920 Dept of Commerce licensed KDKA radio in Pitt as 1st commercial station
- 1st broadcast had results from 1920 election
11
Q
Audience begins to grow
A
- Blanket Licensing; in 1923 the Am. Society of composers, authors, and publishers (ASCAP) sued several stations for payments.
- Eventually stations agreed to pay royalties to ASCAP through a blanket licensing agreement. (pay them $250 per yr)
- If people can listen to songs on radio they would be less likely to buy sheet music
- Eventually another licensing org Broadcast music inc (BMI) started collecting royalties
12
Q
Commercial Sponsorship
A
- Advertisers paid for programs. The public paid for the programs indirectly by supporting the advertisers who supported radio
- WEAF in NY was 1st station to sell advertising. Its 1st program cost $100 for 10 min
13
Q
Radio act of 1927
A
- Formed fed radio commission under the Jurisdiction of the Dept of commerce
- the commission was created to administer licenses + allocate frequencies
- stations could operate only w/ govt approval
- stations would need commission approval to be sold or transferred
14
Q
Fed. Communications Commission
A
- FCC
- created in 1934, which began its own govt entity
- replaced Fed radio Com. which was part of Dept of commerce
- not originally created to oversee broadcast content, but it does have some control now
- originally 7 member commissions (now 5) -approved by pres w/ senate approval
15
Q
Radio influences on society
A
- stations mixed entertainment, culture, public service
- gave mill of people a new inexpensive source of info and entertainment
- massive aud. sat &; engaged w/ sponsored programming that had comedy, music, sports, drama, serials,news
- eventually all moved to TV
