Chap 7 Flashcards
What are the 4 elemnts of work design
define Job Design and its 3 objectives
involves specifying the content and method of a job (what who where and how). The objective is to increase the long term productivity, safety, and QWL
waht are the caracteristics of the Efficiency School of job design
derived from Tailor’s scientific method.
Includes
- Specialization,
- Method analysis, and
- Time Standars
what are the techniques used by the Behavioural school of job design
Emphasizes satisfaction of wants and needs. Includes:
- Job enlargment
- Job Rotation
- Job Enrichment
- Self Directed Teams
Advantages of specialization as a work system
Disadvantages of specialization as a work system
Job Enlargment
Giving the worker a larger proportion of the total task of making the good of service. This is a horizontal loading because the added work is on the same level of skills as the original job.
Job Rotation
Having workers periodicaly exchange jobs. Employees can fill in for one another + it avoids repetitive work injuries
Job Enrichment
Involves increasing responsability for planning and coordinating. It is a vertical loading
Self Directed teams
Groups who perform the same function and are empowred to make certain decision and changes in their work.
Benefits of self directed teams
definition of Method analysis
Breaks down the job into a sequence of tasks and elements and trys to make it more efficient
4 Steps in the procedure for method analysis
What are the 2 charts used to analyse a job and design a new job
- Process Chart
- Worker- Machine Chart
Process Charts
the are used to examine the overall sequence of operation by focusing on the mvt of the operator or the flow of material
Worker machine chart
It is used to determine the proportion of a work cycle during which operator or equipment are bussy or idle
Motion study
Systematic study of the human motion used to perform an operation or task
Analysis of elemental motions (therbligs)
Basic elemental motions into which a job can be broken down
Motion Economy Principle
Guideline for designing work efficient procedures
Micro motion Study
Use of the motion picture and slow motion to study motions that otherwise would be to rapid to analyse
Simultaneous hand motion chart (Simo chart)
A chart that shows the elementory motions performed by each hand, side by side, over time
Working Conditions
3 fondamental rights of workers
- Refuse dangerous work
- Participate in improving safety and work problems
- know about the hazrads in the work place
Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS)
- mandates proper labeling of hazardous material
- making available material safety data sheets
Working conditions (factors to consider)
- Temperature and humidity
- Ventilation
- Illumination
- Noise and Vibrations
- Work Breaks
- Work safety
- Ergonomics
8 Work safety Criterias
Ergonomics
Fitting the job to the worker’s capability and size
What are the 4 different types of work measurement / Time standards
Definition of Standard Time
The amount of time it should take a qualified worker to complete a specified task,
- working at a sustainable rate,
- using given methods and equipments, raw material and work place arrangment.
What are the 4 steps of a Stopwatch time study
Dvt of a standard time based on observation of 1 worker taken over a number of cycle. The 4 steps are:
- Define the job to be studied and inform the worker4
- Determine the number of cycles to observe
- Time the job and rate the worker’s performance
- Calculate Standard time, allowing for rest periods
definition of Observed Time
It is the average time observed
Sample size formula
Normal Time
It is the observed time adjusted for the worker’s performance
formula of Standard Time (ST)
It is the lenght of time a worker should take to perform a job allowing for delays and breaks
Predetermined element time
Published Data based on extensive research on element times
Work Sampling
A techinque for estimating the proportion of time a worker spends on each activity
Time based pay
Compensation based on the lenght of time an employee has worked
Output based pay
Compensate the employee according to the amount of output they produce
Group incentive plan
Sharing of productivity gain with employee
Skill/knowledge based bonus plan
Reward workers who undergo training to increse their skills/knowledge
What 3 Cautions need to be taken on Time Studies.
- Analyst must be familiar with task
- Jobs need to be broken down into basic motions
- Costly and disruptive: benefits must outweigh cost
What are the 5 steps in developing work methodes
What are the 6 steps of the work sampling method
