chap 6 Flashcards
definition of Process design
Determins the form and function of how production of goods and services is to occure. Has implications for facilities, equipment and design of work system.
What are the 6 factors that influence a company in their decision to Make or Buy a product
Decide weather to make a part/product or buy it from another company.
What 3 factors choosing a process type depends on
list the 4 Process types
Job shop
Batch process
Repetitive process
Continuous process Hybrid process
definition of Job Shop
A process used when low quantity of high variety customized goods or services is needed. Requiers high flexibility of equipment and skilled workers
Batch process
It is used when a moderate volume or quantity and variety of goods or services is desired (ex beer)
Repetitive process
A type of process used when higher quantity of more standardized goods and services are needed. Includes production line and assembly line
Production Line
a sequence of machines work stations that perform operations on a part/product
Assembly Line
A production line where parts are added to product sequentially
Continuous process
Used when high volume of highly standardized output is required
Hybrid process: Focused factory
specialized in high quantity of standardized product
Hybrid process: Mass customization
producing high quantity and high variety efficiently
Automation
Uses machinery/equipment with sensing and controle devices that enable it to operate automatically
Automation: the good and the bad
Low variability
no distraction needed
no raise needed
no safety problem
BUT
High fixed cost
low flexibility
decreases moral and productivity of wokers
List the 3 Types of automation
What are the caracteristics of fixed automation
- Very rigid
- High cost specialized equipment for a fixed sequence of operations
What are the caracteristics and tools of programable automation
- High cost
- General purpose equipment controled by a computer program
- Numericaly controled machines
- Computerized numerical control
- Direct numerical control
- Robot
programable automation >> definition of Numericaly controled Machines (NC)
Machines that perform operations by following mathematical processing instructions
Programable automation >> definition of Computerized Numerical Control (CNC)
Individual numericaly controled machines have their own computers
Programable automation >> Definition of Direct Numerical Control (DNC)
One computer controles a number of numericaly controled machines
What are the caracteristics and tools of Flexible automation
- Premits continuous variation and product variety
- customized equipment
- Machine Center
- Flexible manufacturing system
- Computer integrated manufacturing
Flexible Automation >> define Machine center
A machine capable of performing a variety of operations on parts
Flexible Automation >> define flexible manufacturing system
group of machining centres, controlled by a computer, with automatic material handling and robots or other automated equipment. They can produce a variety of similar products
Flexible automation >> define Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
A system that uses an integrating computer system to link a broad range of manufacturing and other activities, including engineering design and production planning and control. More encompassing CIM systems can link order taking, scheduling, purchasing, inventory control, shop control, and distribution to manufacturing. In effect, a CIM system integrates information from other areas of an organization with manufacturing.
definition of Process design
Identifying the activities, resources, and controles needed in the production process
3 Steps in process design
Process design step 1: Define production process
Process Design step 2: Production process development
Production process step 3: Implement
definition of a process flow diagram
A diagram of the steps in a process
What are the 2 Integrated definition method for process design
List the 6 different types of layouts
- Product (line) Layout
- Process (functional) layout
- cellular layout
- Warehouse Layout
- Retail Layout
- Office layout
definition of Layout
Refers to the location of departments, work centres, or equipment in the facility/plant
Product (line) Layout
Arranges production resources linearly according to the progressive steps by which a product is made
Preventive maintenance
periodic inspection and replacement of worn parts or those with high failure rates. Reduces the probability of breakdowns during the operations
Advantages of product Layout
Disadvantages of product layouts
Process (Functional) Layout
cellular layout
Layout in which different machines are arranged in a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements
list the 2 advantages of process layout
- Less vulnerable to shut down
- Lower maintennce cost
List the 3 Disadantages of cellular layout
- difficult scheduling
- Setup, material handling, and labour and costs can be high
- Increased work-in-process inventory
What are the 3 Benefits of cellular Layout
- Faster processing time and reduced setup time
- increased capacity
- Less material handeling and work in process inventory
Group technology
Grouping items with similar design or manufacturing characteristics into part families
