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Phy > Chap 5 - general wave properties, electromagnetic spectrums > Flashcards

Chap 5 - general wave properties, electromagnetic spectrums Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of waves

A

-longitudinal
-transverse

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2
Q

where is most and least number of particles in longitudinal wave

A

-most: compression
-least: rarefaction

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3
Q

where is most and least pressure in longitudinal wave

A

-most: compression
-least: rarefaction

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4
Q

define oscillations

A

-max displacement of a wave
(vibrations)

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5
Q

what are the oscillations in a transverse and longitudinal wave to direction of wave motion

A

-transverse: perpendicular to direction of wave motion
-longitudinal: parallel to direction of wave motion

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6
Q

how to the particles vibrate in transverse and longitudinal

A

-transverse: up and down
-longitudinal: right and left

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7
Q

define amplitude

A

max displacement between the peak/ trough and position of equilibrium

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8
Q

define equilibrium

A

position where displacement is 0

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9
Q

what is wave length in transverse and longitudinal

A

-transverse: distance btw 2 adjacent peaks/ troughs
-longitudinal: distance btw 2 adjacent rarefactions/ compressions

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10
Q

which wave type requires a medium to travel through and why

A

-longitudinal
-need matter to compress and rarefy to propagate to direction of wave travel

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11
Q

what can direction of wave motion also be called

A

direction of energy transfer

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12
Q

define a wave

A

-disturbance that transfers of energy without transferring matter away form source

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13
Q

label parts of a longitudinal wave

A

-rarefaction
-compressions
-direction of wave motion/ energy transfer

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14
Q

what are transverse waves over on their diagrams

A

distance or time

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15
Q

what is the top and bottom parts of a transverse wave called

A

-peak/ crest
-trough

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16
Q

label parts of a transverse wave

A

-peak/ crest
-trough
-position of equilibrium
-amplitude

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17
Q

what is oscillations in transverse

A

from peak to trough

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18
Q

eg of longitudinal waves

A

-sound
-Seismic P wave

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19
Q

eg of transverse waves

A

-water waves
-Seismic S (secondary) wave
-electromagnetic spectrum

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20
Q

define period

A

time taken for 1 wave length

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21
Q

define frequency

A

number of wave lengths per second

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22
Q

what is Frequency measured in

A

-Hertz
-Hz

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23
Q

what is period measured in

A

-seconds
-s

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24
Q

what is the frequency of electricity

A

50- 60 Hz

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25
Q

define wave speed

A

speed which wave travels in

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26
Q

formula for wave speed

A

V = fλ
V= velocity (ms^-1)
f=frequency (Hz)
λ= wave length (m)

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27
Q

formula for period

A

T = 1/ f
T= time (s)
f= frequency (Hz)

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28
Q

what is λ

A

-lambda
-wave length

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29
Q

how to change Km/h to m/s

A

-multiply by 1000
-divide by 3600

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30
Q

standard form in order

A

nano- 10^-9
kilo- 10^3
mega- 10^6
Giga- 10^9

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31
Q

sound wave:
-type of wave
-how produced
-medium or not?

A

-longitudinal; mechanical
-by vibration objects
-need medium

32
Q

can sound travel through a vacuum

A

-no
-no particles in a vacuum

33
Q

how does the frequency of sound change as it travels

A

its constant

34
Q

how does the wave speed vary depending on states of matter for mechanical waves

A

-solid: fastest; most densely packed medium
-liquid
-gas: least; particles are far apart
-vacuum: no motion; no particles

35
Q

speed of all electromagnetic waves

A

3 x 10^8 ms^-1

36
Q

how does pitch change as frequency changes

A

-more frequency, higher pitch

37
Q

how does loudness change as amplitude changes

A

-more amplitude, more loudness

38
Q

can electromagnetic wave travel through vacuum

A

yes; all as same speed

39
Q

formula to find distance

A

v= d/t
v= velocity (ms^-1)
d= distance (m)
t=time (s)

40
Q

how does wave length affect pitch

A

-shorter wave length, more frequency, higher pitch

41
Q

frequency of animal hearing

A

below 20Hz (infrasound)

42
Q

frequency of human hearing

A

20- 20 000Hz

43
Q

frequency of bat hearing

A

20 000- 1MHz (Ultrasound)

44
Q

what does UV stand for

A

Ultra Violet light

45
Q

what are y-rays

A

gamma rays

46
Q

define echoes

A

reflected sound

47
Q

designing experiment for sound

A

-person with cymbal and another with stopwatch with 100m btw
-cymbals clashes and person starts timer and ends when they hear sound
-works because of diff. speed of light and sound

48
Q

designing experiment for echo

A

-1 person with cymbals and another with stopwatch 350m in front of a wall
-start stopwatch when cymbals clash and end when hear sound again

49
Q

what happens to the distance in echos

A

doubled

50
Q

does sound travel faster in cold or warm air

A

cold; more dense

51
Q

does sound travel faster in solids or gas

A

solids; more dense

52
Q

how is sound heard around conners

A

sound is diffracted

53
Q

define an oscilloscope

A

apparatus that converts longitudinal waves to transverse waves

54
Q

what happens to sound waves when they strike a hard surface

A

some is:
-absorbed
-reflected
-refracted
-transmitted

55
Q

define wave front

A

-set of all locations in a medium where the wave is at the same place
-imaginary surface representing points in a wave that are in the same point in their cycle
-peaks of waves
-lines are equal

56
Q

can electromagnetic waves travel in vacuum- at what speed

A

yes, 3 x 10^8

57
Q

waves in electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing frequency

A

-radio
-micro
-inferred
-visible light
-Ultra Violet (UV)
-X- rays
-Gama rays (y- rays)

58
Q

waves in electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wave length

A

-Gamma rays (y- rays)
-X- rays
-Ultra Violet (UV)
-Visible light
-inferred
-micro
-radio

59
Q

what happens to frequency as wave length of electromagnetic waves increase

A

increased wave length, less frequency

60
Q

what does high frequency in electromagnetic waves mean

A

high energy

61
Q

uses for radio waves

A

-radio transmission
-TV transmission
-Radar
-Wifi
-bluetooth
-(is diffracted by hills)

62
Q

uses for micro waves

A

-Satellite TV
-microwave ovens
-mobile phones

63
Q

uses for inferred waves

A

-TV remoter controllers
-projector controller
-thermal imaging
-inferred cameras

64
Q

uses for visible light waves

A

-vision
-photography

65
Q

uses for UV rays

A

-detect forged bank notes
-in sunlight
-(cause fluorescence)

66
Q

uses for X- rays

A

-medical scanning
-airport security scanning

67
Q

uses for Gamma rays

A

-detect cancer
-cancer treatment
-(can pass through dense metals)

68
Q

what is the relationship btw energy, wave length,frequency and pitch for electromagnetic waves

A

high energy, less wave length, more frequency, higher pitch

69
Q

harmful effects of UV, X- rays, Y- rays

A

UV: cause skin cancer, eye problems
X-rays & Y- rays: cause cell mutations, damage cell

70
Q

4 properties of electromagnetic waves

A

-transverse waves
-3 x 10^8 ms^-1 speed
-partly electrical, partly magnetic
-all travel through vacuum

71
Q

colours in visible light starting with lowest frequency/ longest wave length

A

-ROYGBIV
-Red
-Orange
-Yellow
-Green
-Blue
-Indigo
-Violet

72
Q

how is speed changed from deep to shallow water

A

decrease in speed

73
Q

define ultrasound

A

sound with frequency higher than 20 000Hz

74
Q

uses for ultrasound

A

-pregnancy scans

75
Q

define infrasound

A

sound with frequency lower than 20Hz

76
Q

speed of sound in temps of air

A

warm air - fast v
cold air - slow v

Phy (11 decks)

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