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Phy > definations > Flashcards

definations Flashcards

1
Q

what is scalar quantity

A

-has magnitude (size)

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2
Q

what is vector quantity

A

-has magnitude (size) and direction

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3
Q

define velocity

A

speed with a given direction

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4
Q

define speed

A

distance covered in a given time

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5
Q

define acceleration

A

change in velocity per unit time

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6
Q

what do you call negative acceleration

A

deceleration

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7
Q

define displacement

A

Object/s overall change in position (how far from start to end)

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8
Q

define distance

A

how far an object moves (how much travelled)

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9
Q

define mass

A

amount of matter in an ogject

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10
Q

define gravitational field strength

A

gravitational force per unit mass

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11
Q

define weight

A

gravitational force acting on an object with mass

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12
Q

define density

A

amount of mass in a given volume

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13
Q

define analogue device

A

a measuring device that users have to read from a scale

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14
Q

define an digital device

A

a measuring device that displays the measurement instead of user reading it from a scale

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15
Q

define a pendulum

A

a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely

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16
Q

define freefall

A

motion under the force of gravity alone

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17
Q

define liner motion

A

motion where acceleration is not constant

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18
Q

define uniform motion

A

motion where acceleration is constant

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19
Q

define terminal velocity

A

steady speed of an object freely falling through a gas or liquid

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20
Q

Define force

A

a push , pull or a twist

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21
Q

define friction

A

force that opposes one surface moving or tying to move past another (opposes motion)

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22
Q

define static friction

A

force that keeps an object at rest

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23
Q

define dynamic friction

A

opposes sliding or rolling motion

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24
Q

what is resisting force

A

force opposing another force

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25
Q

What is resultant force

A

a single force that can replace all individual forces acting on the object, and have the same effect

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26
Q

define Newton’s 1 law

A

An object will remain stationery ( at rest) or move in a constant (uniform) speed in a straight line unless a net resultant force acts on it

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27
Q

define Newton’s 2 law

A

force = mass x acceleration
F = ma

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28
Q

define Newton’s 3 law

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite force on it (forces act in pairs)

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29
Q

define Inertia

A

an objects resistance to change in speed and direction

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30
Q

define mass of body in inertia

A

a measure of inertia

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31
Q

Define balanced

A

forces in opposite directions that have the same magnitude

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32
Q

define human reaction time

A

time taken for a human reaction

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33
Q

define elastic object

A

an object that returns back to its original shape

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34
Q

Define limit of proportionality

A

-the point beyond which the extension of an elastic object is no longer directly proportional to the force applied to it
-(where it stop being proportional)

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35
Q

What is Hooke’s law

A

the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied to it until it exceeds the limit of proportionality

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36
Q

define spring constant (k)

A

stiffness of spring

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37
Q

define spring extension (x)

A

extension of spring

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38
Q

define moment

A

turning force

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39
Q

define Equilibrium in a moment

A

the clockwise and anti-clockwise moments are equal (balanced) = resultant force and moment are 0

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40
Q

define pivot

A

turning point (need to touch the surface)

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41
Q

Define centre of gravity

A

point where the whole weight of an object seems to act

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42
Q

Define distance in moment

A

distance has to be perpendicular to pivot from the force

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43
Q

define a regular shape

A

has 1 or more lines of symmetry

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44
Q

define stability

A

how likely an object will fall when disturbed

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45
Q

define stable equilibrium

A

-object returns to its original equilibrium position

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46
Q

Define unstable equilibrium

A

-object does not return to its original equilibrium position

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47
Q

define Neutral equilibrium

A

-object remains in displaced position

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48
Q

what is pressure

A

force over area

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49
Q

define mechanical work done energy transfer

A

applied force

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50
Q

define electrical work done energy transfer

A

difference in charge causing electrical charges to move

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51
Q

define heat energy transfer

A

difference in temperature

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52
Q

define waves energy transfer

A

wave is transferred as radiation

53
Q

define law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

54
Q

define law of conservation of mass

A

mass cannot be created or destroyed

55
Q

define work done

A

transfer of energy by electrical or mechanical pathways

56
Q

define power

A

how much energy / work done over time

57
Q

define accurate

A

how close measurement is to the true/ accepted value

58
Q

define precise

A

how close measurement of the same value are to each other

59
Q

define reliability

A

how small the variations btw values are

60
Q

Define nuclear fission

A

nuclei of atoms split apart

61
Q

define renewable source of energy

A

energy that is made faster than used

62
Q

define non-renewable source of energy

A

energy that is being used faster than it is made (unsustainable)

63
Q

define melting

A

change of state of matter from solid to liquid

64
Q

define boiling/ evaporation

A

change of state of matter from liquid to gas

65
Q

define condensation

A

change of state of matter from gas to liquid

66
Q

define freezing

A

change of state of matter from liquid to solid

67
Q

define sublimation

A

change of state of matter from solid to gas

68
Q

define depostion

A

change of state of matter from gas to solid

69
Q

define heat

A

amount of thermal energy

70
Q

define lattice

A

regular repeated arrangement of atoms

71
Q

define temperature

A

average kinetic energy of particles

72
Q

define Brownian’s motion

A

zig- zag motion of particles when suspended in fluid as a result of collision of particles in fluid.

73
Q

what is pressure in container

A

force of particles colliding on the wall of the container

74
Q

define expansion

A

particles gain thermal energy which is converted into kinetic energy to intermolecular forces and move apart

75
Q

define absolute 0

A

-when particles have no kinetic energy = no movement
-measured in kelvin

76
Q

define cold

A

absence of heat

77
Q

what is 0K in C

A

0K = -273 C

78
Q

define conduction

A

transfer of energy through collision of particles

79
Q

define humidity

A

amount of water vapour in air

80
Q

define insulators

A

poor conductors of heat eg. air, wood, plastic

81
Q

define good conductors

A

conducts heat/ electricity easily

82
Q

define convection

A

transfer of energy in fluids by creating a convection current where less dense hot particles rises and more dense colder particles sinks

83
Q

define fluids

A

liquid or gas

84
Q

define vacuum

A

no particles

85
Q

define radiation

A

transfer of energy by a wave

86
Q

define emission

A

release / give out

87
Q

define transmission

A

traveling through a medium

88
Q

define global warming

A

-average temperature of the earth increasing

89
Q

define climate change

A

-long term changes of climate

90
Q

define the greenhouse effect

A

the earth’s atmosphere traps heat

91
Q

define longitudinal wave

A

wave which oscillations are parallel to direction of wave motion/ energy transfer

92
Q

define transverse wave

A

wave which oscillations are perpendicular to direction of wave motion/ energy transfer

93
Q

define compression

A

region with most pressure in longitudinal wave

94
Q

define rarefaction

A

region with least pressure in longitudinal wave

95
Q

define amplitude

A

max distance between the peak/ trough and position of equilibrium

96
Q

define equilibrium

A

position where displacement is 0

97
Q

define wave length

A

-distance btw 2 adjacent peak & trough/ compression & rarefaction

98
Q

define a wave

A

-disturbance that transfers of energy without transferring matter away form source

99
Q

define peak / crest

A

highest point of a transverse wave

100
Q

define trough

A

lowest point of a transverse wave

101
Q

define period

A

time taken for 1 wave length

102
Q

define frequency

A

number of wave lengths per second

103
Q

define oscillations

A

-max displacement of a wave
(vibrations)

104
Q

what is λ

A

-lambda
-wave length

105
Q

define wave speed

A

speed which wave travels in

106
Q

define refraction

A

-change in direction of wave as they pass through different mediums

107
Q

define reflection

A

-wave bounces off a plane surface

108
Q

define electromagnetic waves

A

waves with vibrations btw electric and magnetic field

109
Q

define diffraction

A

-bending at the ends of a wave as it passes through a narrow gap

110
Q

define plane surface

A

2D flat surface

111
Q

define echoes

A

reflected sound

112
Q

define an oscilloscope

A

apparatus that converts longitudinal waves to transverse waves

113
Q

define rule of incidence for reflection

A

angle of incidence = angle or reflection

114
Q

define normal

A

perpendicular line from the surface

115
Q

define wave front

A

-set of all locations in a medium where the wave is at the same place
imaginary surface that represent the points in a wave that vibrate tgt
-peaks of waves
-lines are equal

116
Q

define ultrasound

A

sound with frequency higher than 20 000Hz

117
Q

define infrasound

A

sound with frequency lower than 20Hz

118
Q

define normal

A

perpendicular line from the surface

119
Q

define non- luminous & eg

A

-reflect light
-moon, pen, book …

119
Q

define luminous & eg

A

-produce light
-sun, lamp, torch

120
Q

define monochromatic light

A

-light of a single λ & 1 colour

121
Q

define critical angle

A

-when the refracted ray is perpendicular to normal
-varies with medium

122
Q

define total internal reflection

A

-when incident angle is greater than critical angle, there is not refraction - only reflection
-in transparent medium
- has to be from more n to less n & incident angle is more than C

123
Q

define virtual image

A

image that cannot be captured on a screen
-laterally inverted
-upright
-virtual

124
Q

define real image

A

image than can be captured on a screen

125
Q

define image

A

copy of a real object

126
Q

define focal length

A

distance btw lens to principle focus

127
Q

define principle focus

A

where all rays come tgt at a particular point

128
Q

define principle axis

A

rays that are parallel to each other

Phy (11 decks)

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