Chap 4 - kinetic particle model of matter, thermal expansion, boiling and evaporation, convection, conduction, radiation and their consequences Flashcards
process of solid to liquid
melting
process of liquid to gas
boiling/ evaporation
process of gas to liquid
condensation
process of liquid to solid
freezing
process of solid to gas
sublimation
process of gas to solid
deposition
particle arrangement and motion in solid
-lattice structure with closely and motion in packed and motion in particles that vibrate in fixed positions
particle arrangement and motion in liquids
-irregular order of particles that move around each other randomly
particle arrangement and motion in gas
-irregular order of particles that move around freely and randomly in all directions.
compressible- solid, liquid, gas
solid- no
liquid- no
gas- yes
space between particles in solid, liquid, gas
solid- no
liquid- yes, little
gas- yes lots
change in substance volume
solid- no
liquid- no
gas- yes
particle energy in solids, liquids, gas
solid- least
liquid- intermediate
gas- most
what happens to a heat curve on a graph
-temperature stays constant when changing state till all particles are same state.
intermolecular forces in solid, liquid, gas
solid- strong
liquid- weak
gas- negligible
define heat
amount of thermal energy
define temperature
average kinetic energy of particles
define Brownian’s motion
zig- zag motion of particles when suspended in fluid as a result of collision of particles in fluid.
2 example of Brownian’s motion
-smoke particles
-pollen grain
what is the relationship between the intermolecular forces and temperature of particles
decreases intermolecular forces, increase temperature
what is pressure in container
force of particles colliding on the wall of the container
where is pressure same in
all directions
what is the relationship between temperature and pressure
increase temperature, increase pressure
what is the relationship between volume and pressure
increase volume, decrease pressure
what is the relationship between volume, temperature and pressure
- increase volume, increase temperature, constant pressure
formula of pressure in liquids
P = hpg
pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength
formula of pressure in solids
P = F/ A
Pressure = force/ area
define expansion
particles gain thermal energy which is converted into kinetic energy to intermolecular forces and move apart
most to least expansion in matter
-gas
-liquid
-solids
expansion and contraction in power lines
-causes slack E
-snaps C
expansion and contraction in thermometer
-increase KE, increase volume, liquid rises E
-decrease KE, decrease volume, liquid falls C
expansion and contraction in bridges
-rollers help to fill small gap E
-rollers pull back C
expansion and contraction in railway
-get wonky E
-break C
define absolute 0
-when particles have no kinetic energy = no movement
-measured in kelvin
expansion and contraction in hot air balloon
-get bigger and rises E
-get smaller and falls
expansion and contraction in thermostat
-metal bends and breaks circuit when too hot E
-metal goes back to original position and completes circuit C
why does metal bar expand when heated
kinetic energy overcomes intermolecular forces
what is 0 K in celcius
0k = -273 C
why do metal bars expand when heated
KE overcomes intermolecular forces so particles can move apart