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Phy > Chap 3 - energy, work done, power > Flashcards

Chap 3 - energy, work done, power Flashcards

1
Q

name the 9 energy types

A

-thermal
-chemical
-nuclear
-light
-electricity
-kinetic
-sound
-gravitational potential
-elastic potential

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2
Q

unit for energy?

A

joules ( J )

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3
Q

4 ways of energy transfer

A

-mechanical work done
-electrical work done
-heating
-wave

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4
Q

explain mechanical work done energy transfer

A

an applied force

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5
Q

explain electrical work done energy transfer

A

difference in charge causing electrical charges to move

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6
Q

explain heating energy transfer

A

due to difference in temperature

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7
Q

explain wave energy transfer

A

wave is transferred as radiation

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8
Q

word, symbol and units of KE equation

A

kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2
KE = 1/2mv^2
KE = J
m = Kg
v = ms^-1

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9
Q

word, symbol and units of GPE equation

A

Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x change in height
GPE = mgh
GPE = J
m = Kg
g = 9.8Nm^-1
h = meters

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9
Q

define law of conservation of energy

A

-energy cannot be created or destroyed
-energy is converted to other forms
-total energy is constant

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10
Q

definition of work done

A

transferring energy by mechanical or electrical pathways

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11
Q

word, symbol and units of work done equation

A

work done = force x distance
w = Fd
w = J
F = N
d = meter

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12
Q

define power

A

how much energy / work done per unit time

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13
Q

word, symbol and units of power equation

A

power = useful energy / time
power = useful work done/ time
P = E/w / t
P = E (energy)/ w(work done)
t = seconds

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14
Q

word equation of efficiency

A

efficiency = useful energy/ power / total energy/power x 100%
-100% is usually put with denominator

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15
Q

what diagram is use to show efficiency

A

sankey diagram

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16
Q

name 4 non renewable sources of energy

A

-fossil fuel - coal, oil, gas
-nuclear fission- uranium

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17
Q

name 9 renewable sources of energy

A

-wind
-hydroelectric dams
-tidal
-wave
-solar - solar cells, solar thermal collectors
-biofuel
-geothermal

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18
Q

what is nuclear fission

A

nuclei of atoms are split apart

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19
Q

how are fossil fuels used

A

burned to produce energy

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20
Q

how is nuclear fission of uranium used

A

the atom is split and releases energy in form of heat and radiation

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21
Q

how are wind resources used

A

get energy from wind using mechanical power to spin a generator

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22
Q

how are hydroelectric dams used

A

converts GPE in water in reservoir into KE to turn the turbine

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23
Q

how are wave resources used

A

KE of wave turn turbines

24
Q

how are tidal resources used

A

KE of tidal turn turbines

25
Q

how are biofuel resources used

A

heat biomass

26
Q

how are geothermal resources used

A

steam from underground reservoirs turn turbines

26
Q

what does the sun do

A

-radiates energy
-source of energy for except nuclear, tidal, geothermal

27
Q

energy transfer: fossil fuel

A

chemical, thermal, kinetic, electrical

28
Q

energy transfer: biofuel

A

chemical, thermal, kinetic, electrical

28
Q

energy transfer: nuclear fission

A

chemical, thermal, kinetic, electrical

29
Q

energy transfer: geothermal

A

thermal, kinetic, electrical

30
Q

energy transfer: hydroelectrical dam

A

GPE, kinetic, electrical

31
Q

energy transfer: tidal, wave, wind

A

energy transfer: nuclear fission

32
Q

energy transfer: solar

A

light, electrical

33
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: hydroelectric

A

A - low greenhouse gas emissions
A - affordable source of electricity
D - displaces people and animals of their habitat
D - cause drought downstream

34
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: tidal

A

A - high density energy - store lots energy in small mass
A - no gas emission
D - specific site requirements
D - expensive installment

35
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: wind

A

A - low priced energy source
A - no air and water pollution
D - produce noise
D - birds collide, interference with bats sonar navigation

36
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: wave

A

A - no greenhouse emission
A- high density energy
D - high installation cost
D - impact marine life - costal corrasion

37
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: geothermal

A

A - always available
A - silent
D - air and water pollution
D - specific location

38
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: solar

A

A - reduce electricity bills
A -renewable
D - require sunlight
D - unable to remove once installed

39
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: biofuel

A

A - sustainable
A - reduce dependency on foreign oil
D - disrupt life cycle
D - lots of water consumption

40
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: nuclear

A

A - low carbon energy source
A - happen in any weather
D - generates leaking waste
D - radiation

41
Q

2 disadvantages and 2 advantages: fossil fuel

A

A - high density energy
A - oil and gas can be transported through pipelines
D - emit greenhouse gas
D - air pollution

42
Q

what is the difference between w = fd and m = fd

A

w = fd - d- distance + displacement
m = fd - d - physical distance

43
Q

what is the units for efficiency

A

no units

44
Q

what can efficiency be used for

A

-energy
-power

45
Q

note: efficiency is in % or decimal

A
46
Q

what do solar cells do

A

convert light to heat energy

47
Q

which energy sources are not from the sun

A

-geothermal
-tides
-nuclear

48
Q

where is nuclear energy from (uranium)

A

earth’s core

49
Q

what do solar panels do

A

heating

50
Q

what controls the tides

A

moon

51
Q

where is geothermal energy from

A

earth’s core

52
Q

how do you make an experiment more reliable

A

repeat the experiment

53
Q

how do you make an experiment more accurate

A

find mean time

54
Q

define non-renewable source of energy

A

energy that is being used faster than it is made (unsustainable)

55
Q

define renewable source of energy

A

energy that is made faster than used

Phy (10 decks)

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