Chap 5

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

detection of a physical stimuli that is then transmitted to the brain

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

processing, organization, and interpretation of sensory signals, conducted in brain

Question 3

bottom up processing

Answer 3

physical features of a stimulus leading to our interpreted perception

Question 4

top down processing

Answer 4

knowledge, experience, and expectation that lead to our interpreted perception

Question 5

sensory coding

Answer 5

translating physical properties of stimuli into patterns of neural impulses

Question 6

Transduction

Answer 6

process of converting sensory stimuli into signals the brain can interpret

Question 7

Absolute threshold

Answer 7

minimum amount of the stimulus that we can experience for us to realize that we experienced it

Question 8

difference threshold

Answer 8

smallest amount of change that we can perceive as an actual change between to stimuli

Question 9

signal detection therapy

Answer 9

ability to identify a signal is a subjective and not objective as we may think

Question 10

Sensory adaptation

Answer 10

our sensitivity to a constant stimulus begins to decrease over time

Question 11

Retina

Answer 11

optic cells at back of eye

Question 12

rods

Answer 12

receptor cells that are present in the retina that are responsible for night vision. these cells respond best in low light

Question 13

cones

Answer 13

receptor cells that are present in retina that are responsible for vision in higher levels of light, color, and detail

Question 14

fovea

Answer 14

center of the retina, cones are densely packed, can make blind spots in dark areas

Question 15

Trichromatic theory

Answer 15

3 specific cones in retina that are best suited for the 3 wavelengths

Question 16

Saturation

Answer 16

how true or pure the wavelengths are like single colors

Question 17

hue

Answer 17

characteristic that places particular colors in the spectrum, how blue is blue

Question 18

brightness

Answer 18

the perceived intensity of the color, total amount of light that reaches your eye

Question 19

Gestalt principals of perception

Answer 19

Proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, and illusory contours

Question 20

binocular depth cues

Answer 20

perception that comes from having two points of view

Question 21

monocular depth cues

Answer 21

cues available to each eye independently

Question 22

binocular disparity

Answer 22

eyes receiving different images since they are apart

Question 23

stereoscopic vision

Answer 23

ability to determine depth of an object based on projection to each eye

Question 24

convergence

Answer 24

eye muscles turning the eyes in for near items, cross eyed

Question 25

object constancy

Answer 25

the brain can correctly identify the size of an object based on prior experiences despite where it falls in an image

Question 26

Audition

Answer 26

sense of sound perception - changes in air pressure

Question 27

sound waves

Answer 27

a pattern of air pressure changes during a specific amount of time

Question 28

Temporal coding

Answer 28

mechanism for encoding low frequencies, cochlear hair cells friend at the same rate to match frequency of the sound wave

Question 29

place coding

Answer 29

a mechanism for encoding high frequencies, cochlear hair cells fire in specific location on the basilar membrane to identify frequency

Question 30

sound localization

Answer 30

brain utilizing information coming from both ears to piece together where the sound comes from

Question 31

vestibular sense

Answer 31

perception of balance originating from receptors in the inner ear

Question 32

Gustation

Answer 32

sense of taste

Question 33

taste buds

Answer 33

sensory organs in the mouth that contain receptors for taste

Question 34

5 basic taste sensations

Answer 34

sweet for sugar, sour for acidity, salty for sodium chloride, bitter fro lethality, umami for glutamic acid/ savory meaty earthy

Question 35

Olfaction

Answer 35

sense of smell

Question 36

olfactory epithelium

Answer 36

a thin layer of tissue lining the nasal cavity that contain smell recepetors

Question 37

olfactory bulb

Answer 37

brain structure primarily responsible for smell

Question 38

haptic sense

Answer 38

sense of touch

Question 39

kinesthetic sense

Answer 39

perception of the positions of body during movement in space

Question 40

gate control theory

Answer 40

the path to brain for pain can be blocked by stimulating larger nerve fibers to reduce pain signals