Chap 4

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

ones subjective experience of the world, resulting from brain activity. perspective and experience aren’t always the way things are

Question 2

automatic processes

Answer 2

things one knows so well that their brain creates shortcuts to allow one to focus on other things

Question 3

controlled processes

Answer 3

things/situations that are new to you that require additional concentration, will gain the additional consciousness and attention needed

Question 4

cocktail party/hallway phenomenon

Answer 4

able to carry on a conversation with a person, but when a stimulus hits your brain you stop you conscious awareness of the conversation and focus on the new stimulus

Question 5

Shadowing

Answer 5

technique used to prove that we are drawn to a personal stimuli or stimuli that are different in some fashion

Question 6

selective attention

Answer 6

we will experience stimuli that demand complete and undivided attention, choosing what is most important to pay attention to

Question 7

Change blindness

Answer 7

being unaware of even major changes in your visual field due to a demand of attention to a different stimuli

Question 8

Freudian slip

Answer 8

unconscious thought at an inappropriate time

Question 9

subliminal messaging

Answer 9

hiding message within imaging or videos to alter the behavior of the audience

Question 10

global workspace model

Answer 10

only aware of issues that we have if we started life without a problem, our consciousness does not arise from one specific location but all brain structures

Question 11

comas

Answer 11

rest after brain injury, doesn’t respond to environment

Question 12

Minimally conscious state

Answer 12

the patient can make deliberate movements and may even attempt to communicate

Question 13

brain death

Answer 13

irreversible loss of brain function, need machine for bodily functions

Question 14

Light sleep

Answer 14

mental and physical restoration

Question 15

deep sleep, slow wave

Answer 15

less aware of environmental changes, physical restoration, process memories, and learning

Question 16

REM sleep

Answer 16

muscle paralysis, vivid dreams, elevated heart rate, - memory and mood restoration

Question 17

insomnia

Answer 17

inability to sleep

Question 18

sleep apnea

Answer 18

a temporary halt to breathing, due to closure of airway

Question 19

Narcolepsy

Answer 19

excessive sleepiness that can lead to sleeping during waking hours

Question 20

REM behavior disorder/ somnambulism

Answer 20

acting out dreams and sleep walking

Question 21

symptoms of sleepiness

Answer 21

mood disorders, comprised immune system, decreased cognition, microsleeps

Question 22

Circadian rhythms

Answer 22

sleeping at night due to our inability to see well in low light

Question 23

facilitation of learning

Answer 23

sleeping allows fro strengthened chemical bonds between neurons, also gives more efficient activity of the hippocampus following at least 6 hours of sleep, consolidate memories

Question 24

REM dreams

Answer 24

vivid, bizarre, hallucinations w intense emotions

Question 25

non-REM dreams

Answer 25

Dull, mundane dreams dealing with traditional daily activities

Question 26

activation-synthesis theory

Answer 26

the brain is trying to make sense of random brain activity by weaving into consciously stored memories

Question 27

Hypnosis

Answer 27

a social interaction between two people where one person responds to suggestions that could lead to changes in memory, perception of actions

Question 28

meditation

Answer 28

mental procedure where one focuses their attention on an external object or on a sense of awareness

Question 29

Addiction

Answer 29

drug use that remain compulsive despite their negative impact

Question 30

psychoactive drugs

Answer 30

mind altering drugs that either mimic the natural function of neurotransmitters or alter neurotransmitter activity

Question 31

simulants

Answer 31

heighten the activity of the Central Nervous system, induce sympathetic nervous system - includes : amphetamines, methamphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine - affects : dopamine, norepinephrine, ACh

Question 32

depressants

Answer 32

depress the activity of the Central nervous system, includes : antianxiety drugs and alcohol, affects: GABA

Question 33

opiates/narcotics

Answer 33

block pain signals, thus relieving pain - can provide intense feelings of pleasure, relaxation, and euphoria, - includes: heroin, morphine, codeine, - affects: Endorphins

Question 34

hallucinogens

Answer 34

produce altered states of cognition, mood and perception - includes: LSD, PCP, peyote, psilocybin, mushrooms - affects: Serotonin and glutamate

Question 35

amphetamines, methamphetamine

Answer 35

used to focus, stay awake, weight loss, treat ADHD, remain in system much longer than other stimulants

Question 36

Cocaine

Answer 36

stimulant that increases dopamine and leads to a rush of confidence, alertness, energy, and sociability

Question 37

Alcohol

Answer 37

depressant that inhibits motor behaviors, leads to relaxation and reduction in the ability to perceive dangers if inebriated prior to dangerous activity, if the dangerous or strenuous activity happened prior then your mind will fixate

Question 38

Marijuana

Answer 38

relaxed mental state, uplifted mood, some cognitive and perceptual distortions, has some of all three drug type characteristics, may led to dementia or cognition issues

Question 39

MDMA

Answer 39

energizing effect associated with the release of serotonin, can also lead to hallucinogenic state

Question 40

Causes of addiction

Answer 40

dopamine release, Insula's craving for said addiction, genetics, environmental factors