CHAP 4: QUASI AND CORRELATIONAL Flashcards
Can show relationships between sets of antecedent conditions and behavioral effects, but the conditions are pre-existing. They are neither manipulated nor controlled
Correlational Design
measuring behaviors and seeing which go together, we begin to see possible (not cause and effect) explanations for behaviors.
Correlational Design
most commonly used procedure for calculating simple correlations.
3 possible outcomes:
negative, positive, no relationship
Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r)
Pearson r is used when what type of scale
date are collected
Interval or ratio
visual representations of the scores belonging to each subject in the study. The arrangement of dots gives a rough indication of both the direction and strength
Scatterplots / scattergraph / scattergrams
Lines drawn in scatterplot are called
Regression Lines
Can seem like a real experiment, but lack one or more of its
essential elements, such as manipulation of antecedents or random assignment to treatment conditions
Quasi – Experimental Design / Natural Experiment
used to explore the effects of different treatments on
preexisting groups of subjects to investigate the same kinds of
naturally occurring events, characteristics, and behaviors that we measure in correlational studies.
Quasi – Experimental Design
Means “after the fact”
Ex Post Facto Studies
Researchers are interested in the effects of traits, behaviors, or naturally occurring events that cannot or should not be manipulated by a researcher.
Ex Post Facto Studies
A study where a researcher compares the effects of different treatment conditions on preexisting groups of participants. The researcher cannot exert control over who gets each treatment because random assignment is not possible.
Nonequivalent Groups Design
Measure behavior of the same subjects at different points in time and look to see how things have changed. Here, the specific question is often the influence of time on behavior, rather than how different behaviors are related.
Longitudinal Design
subjects who are already at different stages are compared at a single point in time
Cross-sectional Studies
Measuring people’s level of behavior before and after the event and compare the levels.
Pretest/Posttest Design
intentional outside learning, practice effect (pretest sensitization), and lesser test anxiety
Possible outside factors
