CHAP 2: GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCI

Question 1

Goals of Psychological Science

Answer 1

Description
Prediction
Explanation
Control

Question 2

a systematic and unbiased account of the
observed characteristics of behaviors.

Answer 2

Description

Question 3

Why good description allow us greater knowledge of behaviors

Answer 3

they provide us with information about what the behavior will be like.

Question 4

Understand what causes it to occur

Answer 4

Explanation

Question 5

Refers to the capacity for knowing in
advance when certain behaviors would be
expected to occur

Answer 5

Prediction

Question 6

Refers to the application of what has been
learned about behavior.

Answer 6

Control

Question 7

Designed to test theories or to explain
psychological phenomena in humans and animals

Answer 7

Basic Research

Question 8

Designed to solve real-
world problems

Answer 8

Applied Research

Question 9

The Scientific Method: Tools of Psychological Science

Answer 9

Observation
Measurement
Experimentation

Question 10

systematic noting and recording of events (observable signs)

Answer 10

Observation

Question 11

assignment of numerical values to objects or
events in their characteristics according to conventional rules.

Answer 11

Measurement

Question 12

Process undertaken to test a
hypothesis

Answer 12

Experimentation

Question 13

Three minimum requirements under experimentation:

Answer 13

1. have procedure of
   manipulating the setting (treatment
   conditions)
2. outcome must be
   observable
3. outcome must be measurable

Question 14

Antecedent Conditions

Answer 14

the circumstances that come
before the event or behavior
that we want to explain.

Question 15

it means that we are treating subjects differently when we expose them to different sets of antecedents

Answer 15

Treatment

Question 16

Is a controlled procedure in which at
least two different treatment
conditions are applied to subjects.

Answer 16

The Psychology Experiment

Question 17

Successful experimentation relies
heavily on the

Answer 17

principle of control.

Question 18

Control is most often achieved by :

Answer 18

1. RANDOM ASSIGNMENTS of subjects
   to different treatment conditions.
2. Presenting in an IDENTICAL MANNER to all subjects
3. Keeping the environment, the
   procedures CONSTANT

Question 19

Treatment condition come
before the behavior,

Answer 19

True

Question 20

As we seek cause and effect relationship in science and psychology, we try to identify the
conditions under which events will occur.

Answer 20

Necessary and sufficient conditions.

Question 21

First experimental psychologist / (Father of Psychology as a Science)

Answer 21

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 22

characterizes any field of study that
gives the appearance of being scientific but
has no true scientific basis and has not been
confirmed using the scientific methods.

Answer 22

Pseudoscience

Question 23

Types of pseudosci

Answer 23

Phrenology, physiognomy, mesmerism, and spiritualism.

Question 24

measuring the size and locations and
bumps on the skull.

Bumps
Dents

Answer 24

Phrenology

Overuse
Underuse

Question 25

facial features, particularly the appearance of
the eyes, nose, chin, and forehead, to evaluate traits,

Answer 25

Physiognomy

Question 26

Invented by Franz Mesmer who
believed that fluids in the body ebbed and flowed by magnetic principles and that both physical and mental illness could be cured by using magnets to realign these fluids.

Answer 26

Mesmerism

Question 27

Contact with ghosts and spirit of the dead.

Answer 27

Spiritualism