CHAP 3: RESEARCH ETHICS Flashcards
committee that evaluates proper studies before they are conducted
ensure that the safety of research participants is adequately protected.
Institutional Review Board
individual who may be exposed to the
possibility of injury including physical, or social injury as a consequence of participation as a subject in any research, development
Subject at risk
THREE IMPORTANT REASONS WHY POORLY DESIGNED RESEARCH CAN BE UNETHICAL:
- Time
- Inaccurate Results
- Waste of Resources
means that the subject agrees to participate after having been fully informed about the nature of the study.
Informed Consent
experiments conducted on Jewish concentration camp prisoners by
200 Nazi doctors
creation of a code of ethical
standards for scientific research
The Nuremberg War Crimes
Trials
1979- The Belmont Report 3 BASIC ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
- Respect for persons
- Justice
- Beneficence
every human being is an autonomous person with the right to make his/her decisions
Provides extra protections for vulnerable
population
Respect for persons
minimize risk of harm to individuals and maximize possible benefits to society
estimate potential risks as truthfully and accurately as possible before proposing any research
Beneficence
Fairness in both the burdens and benefits
Ensures that some people are not being
selected simply bec. they are disadvantaged, readily available, or easily manipulated.
Justice
a risk that is no greater in
probability and severity than that ordinarily encountered in daily life
Minimal Risk
relationship between researcher
and participants should be as open
and honest as possible.
Deception and Full Disclosure
How can deception be reconciled with the principles of informed consent?
deception must not influence the person’s decision to take part in the research.
avoid making procedures that are potentially
harmful, painful, or upsetting.
Debriefing
to protect the privacy of research
participants.
Anonymity and Confidentiality
review board that evaluates animal
research before it can be conducted.
INSTITUTIONAL ANIMAL CARE AND
USE COMMITTEE(IACUC)
animal research is acceptable to further the
understanding of behavioral principles and to promote the welfare of humans
Basic Premise:
the idea that all sensate species, particularly those who feel pain, are of equal value
and have equal rights
Animal rights
the heart of a healthy baboon was transplanted into a dying newborn baby
1984
- Led to treatments of many
psychological problems - Contributed significantly to
knowledge about drug abuse and
physical dependence - Development of new drugs
The Animal Rights Movement
Act of publishing false data (Data
falsification)
Fraud in Research
