CHAP 1: EXPERIMENTAL PSYCH

Question 1

The science of behavior

Answer 1

PSYCHOLOGY

Question 2

Research about the
psychological processes underlying
behavior

Answer 2

Psychological
science

Question 3

Science etymology

Answer 3

Latin- scientia which means
knowledge

Question 4

Science content

Answer 4

Information that we know

Question 5

Science as a process

Answer 5

includes the systematic ways in which
we go about gathering data, noting relationships, and offering explanations

Question 6

ALL AREAS OF PSYCHOLOGY RELY ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODS.

Answer 6

1. Laboratory experiments
2. Observations
3. Surveys

Question 7

we collect and use psychological data to understand the behavior of others and to guide our Own behavior.

Answer 7

THE NEED FOR SCIENTIFIC
METHODOLOGY

Question 8

kind of everyday, nonscientific data gathering that shapes our expectations and beliefs and directs our behavior toward others

Answer 8

Commonsense psychology

Question 9

Ability to gather data in a systematic and
impartial way is constrained by two factors:

Answer 9

1. The sources of psychological information
2. Our inferential strategies

Question 10

Commonsense beliefs about behavior are
derived from

Answer 10

data we collect from our own experience and what we have learned from others.

Question 11

Once we believe we know something, we tend to overlook instances that might disconfirm
our beliefs and we seek

Answer 11

Confirmation bias

Question 12

All commonsense psychologists are TRAIT THEORIST at least when it comes to
explaining the behavior of others.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

the more data we have available (accurate or not), the more confidence we have in our
judgments about behavior)

Answer 13

Overconfidence bias

Question 14

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN SCIENCE

Answer 14

1. Scientific Mentality
2. Gathering Empirical Data
3. Seeking General Principles
4. Good Thinking
5. Self-correction
6. Publicizing Results
7. Replication

Question 15

belief that there are specifiable (although not
necessarily simple or obvious) causes for the way people behave

Answer 15

Scientific Mentality

Question 16

describing that order in a systematic way of collecting empirical data-

Answer 16

Gathering Empirical Data

Question 17

advocated systematic observation of experience.

Answer 17

Aristotle

Question 18

go beyond cataloging observations to proposing general principles

Answer 18

Seeking General Principles

Question 19

generality to apply in all situations

Answer 19

laws

Question 20

we advance understanding and testing an interim explanation commonly

Answer 20

theory

Question 21

private beliefs and expectations must not influence observations or conclusions.

Answer 21

Good Thinking

Question 22

being open to new ideas even when they contradict our prior beliefs.

Answer 22

Good Thinking

Question 23

“Occam’s Razor”

Answer 23

“Parsimony”

Question 24

when two explanations are equally defensible, the simplest explanation is preferred

Answer 24

“Occam’s Razor”/ Parsimony

Question 25

Modern scientists accept the uncertainty
of their own conclusions.

Answer 25

Self-correction

Question 26

Scientists meet frequently through professional and special interest groups and attend professional conferences to exchange information

Answer 26

Publicizing Results

Question 27

repeat our procedures and get
the same results again if we have gathered data objectively and if we have followed good thinking.

Answer 27

Replication

Question 28

We have a great deal more confidence that we have explained something if the predicted effects are repeatable by other researches.

Answer 28

Replication