Chap 29: Southern Italy Flashcards
What constitutes Southern Italy?
The area of southern italy extends south of Lazio, down to the tip of the country and includes the peninsula of Puglia and the island of Sicily (Sicilia).
Describe the climate of Southern Italy
* Cool, Mod, Warm, Hot
* Difference in conditions between inland vs. coast
* Climatic influences based on various vineyard locations
- Hot and dry inland, becoming humid near the coast
- Many vineyards are located on slopes within the Apennines and the altitude provides relief from some of the heat.
- Sea breezes cool the vineyards on the flatter terrain of the Puglian peninsula
What is the principal economic activity in Southern Italy?
Agriculture
To which areas of Southern Italy is grape-growing particularly important?
Puglia and Sicilia, where significant volumes of wine are made
What were the traditional training methods in the south of Italy?
Traditionally, vines were bush-trained low to the ground, with leaf cover protecting the grapes from sunburn.
What kind of training is now most common in Southern Italy?
Cordon training and trellising are the most common methods used today
What are the benefits of cordon training and trellising in Puglia in particular?
These newer techniques allow for mechanisation on Puglia’s flat plain
Which Region is home to more DOCGs than any other region in the south of Italy?
Campania
What is the landscape like in Campania?
A varied landscape with mountains, valleys and coastal plains
What does Campania’s varied landscape mean viticulturally?
That a wide range of black and white varieties can be grown here
Which varieties arguably produce the best whites in Campania?
Fiano and Greco
Where do the best examples of Fiano and Greco respectively come from?
The Campanian appellations of Fiano d’Avellino DOCG and Greco di Tufo DOCG
Describe wines made from Fiano
* Body
* Acidity
* Aromas
* Age Potential?
- Medium to full body
- Medium acidity
- Aromas of stone fruit, melons and mangos
- Usually early drinking, but better examples are matured in oak and can be aged in bottle, developing notes of wax and honey.
Describe wines from Greco
* Body
* Acidity
* Flavors
Leaner in body than Fiano
More acidity than Fiano
Green apple, stone fruit and passionfruit flavours
Describe winemaking for wines from Greco grapes
Most producers ferment their wines in stainless steel, but some use old oak and techniques such as lees-stirring to enhance the texture of their wines
How do Greco-based wines age?
The best examples age in bottle to develop aromas of honey and mushrooms
What is the most prestigious black grape of Campania?
Aglianico
Describe Aglianico wines from Campania
* Color
* Acidity
* Tannins
* Flavors
* Age potential?
- Deep colour
- High acidity
- High tannins
- Flavours of black fruit. It is matured in oak and can age in bottle, where it develops earthy, forest floor notes
Where is Aglianico at its best in Campania?
Taurasi DOCG
Where is Basilicata?
Just below Campania
Describe Basilicata’s topography
An extremely mountainous region where vineyards can reach 900 metres, especially on the vast high plain that surrounds the extinct volcano of Monte Vulture
What is the principal grape of Basilicata?
Aglianico
What is considered to be the best wine of the Basilicata region?
Aglianico del Vulture DOCG
Describe Puglia (size of area and volume of grapes grown)
A vast agricultural area where large volumes of grapes are grown
What kind of climate does Puglia have? (cool, mod, warm, hot)
Hot
What kind of grapes dominate Puglia? Why?
Black grapes, because of Puglia’s hot climate
What are the most notable grapes of Puglia?
Negroamaro and Primitivo (Zinfandel)
Describe Puglia’s grapes when grown at high yields. How are they sold?
When grown at high yields these grapes produce simple, fruity wines for early drinking which are sold as Puglia IGT.
Under what circumstances can Negroamaro produce high quality wines in Puglia?
When yields are controlled
Describe higher quality wines made from Negroamaro
* Body
* Tannin
* Acidity
* Alcohol
* Flavors
- Full-bodied
- Medium tannins
- Medium acidity
- High alcohol
- Baked red and black fruit flavours
Where do many of the best examples of Negroamaro in Puglia come from?
Salice Salentino DOC
Describe the best examples of Primitivo
* Body
* Tannin
* Acidity
* Alcohol
* Flavors
- Full-bodied
- Medium tannins
- Medium acidity
- High alcohol
- Pronounced flavours of very ripe berry fruit
In what respect is Sicily like Puglia?
It grows vast quantities of grapes
Into which appellation do most of Sicily’s grapes get made?
IGT Terre di Sicilia/Terre Siciliane
Into which appellation do most of Sicily’s grapes get made if yields are lowered slightly?
Sicilia DOC
What is the dominant black grape in Sicily’s most produced wines?
Nero d’Avola & grown widely throughout the island
Describe wines of Nero d’Avola
* Body
* Tannins
* Acidity
* Aromas
* Styles typically produced vs. from the best producers
- Medium to full-bodied wines
- Medium tannins
- Medium acidity
- Aromas of plums and black cherries
- It is often made into a fruity, early-drinking style, but those from best producers are more concentrated and complex.
Describe how local white varieties are usually sold in Sicilia
As varietal or blended wines
What style are local white varieties usually made into in Sicilia? (Flavors)
Unoaked, displaying citrus and stone fruit flavours
What other varieties are planted in Sicilia? Which is particularly successful?
Chardonnay and Syrah
Syrah
From which appellation do some of the best wines of Sicily come?
Etna DOC
How are Etna DOC wine grapes grown?
From old, low-yielding vines at high altitude
What are the reds of Etna DOC made from?
Nerello Mascalese & Nerello Cappuccio
How are the black varieties of Etna DOC vinified?
Describe the style of wine do they make:
* Acidity
* Tannin
* Aromas
- Nerello Mascalese & Nerello Cappuccio are blended together
- High acidity
- High tannin
- Fragrant wines with aromas of sour red cherries, cranberries and raspberries, sometimes with dried herbs. With bottle age the high tannins soften and mushroom like aromas develop.
Describe the high quality white wines of Etna DOC
* Body
* Acidity
* Flavors/Aromas
- Medium body
- High acidity
- Citrus fruit, often with a stony/steely character & with bottle age they develop aromas of honey and wax
