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WSET 3 (2nd Edition) > Chap 11: Wine and the Law > Flashcards

Chap 11: Wine and the Law Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary concern of authorities in charge of food and beverage legislation?

A

To ensure that what is sold is safe and fit for human consumption

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2
Q

Give an example of an area of food safety which is particularly important in the area of wine

A

SO2

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3
Q

What is the issue if SO2 levels are not monitored?

A

High levels can be toxic

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4
Q

Name a safety measure taken pertaining to SO2

A

In most countries, the words ‘contains sulphites’ must appear on the label

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5
Q

Why is it unlikely that a winery will not need to write ‘contains sulfites’?

A

Because fermentation naturally produces a small amount of sulfites anyway

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6
Q

What is the main responsibility of the entity that puts a product on sale when it comes to labelling?

A

That descriptions and claims made on packaging are accurate

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7
Q

What is the result on labelling legislation stemming from the necessity of accurate information

A

Label information needs to be clear and able to be checked

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8
Q

Which two aspects of label integrity are the most important?

A

Geographical indications

Legally defined quality and style indications

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9
Q

Why are geographical indications a common feature on a wine label?

A

Because the area where grapes are grown can have a defining influence on the style and quality of the wine

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10
Q

Literally speaking, what is a GI?

A

A designated vineyard area within a country

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11
Q

Roughly how large are GIs?

A

They can cover an entire region (e.g. Bordeaux) or a single vineyard (e.g. La Romanee in Burgundy)

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12
Q

What is a major risk for wines that sell at a premium price?

A

Fraud

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13
Q

When is GI law relatively straight forward vs complicated?

A

GI use is easy to control within the boarders of one country, because only one legal jurisdiction is at placy.
It is less straightforward if a producer in one country decides to label their wine with the GI from another country (my example, not from the book: California wine being labelled as “Champagne” - there is no recourse available)

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14
Q

How are the complications of GI law managed uniformly?

A

A GI system has been created by the WTO (World Trade Organization) that is used by all major wine producing countries. This system relies on defined boundaries and regional names, which ensures everyone uses the same approach and as a result it is much easier for individual countries or groups of countries to reach agreements that recognize and respect eachother’s GIs.

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15
Q

Give an example of a wine-labelling situation which has been changed as a result of WTO GIs/agreements

A

Australian producers used to use ‘Chablis’ on some of their wine labels, but in exchange for more equitable trading arrangements they agreed to recognize and prohibit the use of EU GIs on their labels.

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16
Q

List two important regulations enforced regarding WTO GIs

A
  • If a GI is stated on a label, then typically at least 85% of the liquid in the bottle must come from that GI (this rule does not apply universally, their is some deviation) –>Similar rules can also apply to vintage dates and grape varities
  • There are significant variations between the way that GI legislation within the EU and outside of it
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17
Q

How are standards different for PDOs?

A

100% of grapes must come from the stated region for PDOs

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18
Q

How many quality categories are EU GIs split into? What are they?

A

Two
* Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)
* Protected Geographical Indication (PGI)

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19
Q

Broadly speaking, what is the difference between PDOs and PGIs?

A

PDOs are smaller areas with more tightly defined regulations, where as PGIs are larger with fewer regulations.

20
Q

What is the term most commonly used in place of PDO in France? What does it stand for?

A

AC

Appellation d’origine controlee

21
Q

What is the french term for PDO?

A

Appellation d’origine protegee

22
Q

What is increasingly being used in France in place of Vin de Pays ?

A

IGP (Indication géographique protegee)

Which is a PGI

23
Q

What makes european GIs unique?

A

Local laws will typically also state what grape varieties can be grown and what grape-growing and winemaking techniques can be used

24
Q

What is the theoretical result of european GIs combining with stringent local laws?

A

By identifying grape varieties and processes that were used create the region’s best wines, the system can protect what is seen as the unique identity of local wines, promoting quality and preventing fraud.

25
Q

How is the principle that european GI laws prevent fraud, further reinforced by PDO law?

A

PDO rules state that 100% of grapes must come from the stated GI

26
Q

Give two reasons as to why many producers prefer to make wines in the PGI category as opposed to the PDO category

A

The PGI category allows the use of non-traditional varieties in the blend and rules governing production are less strict

27
Q

Loosely describe PGI wines

A

They can range from wines of exceptional quality which simply fall outside of PDO boundaries, to inexpensive high-volume wines

28
Q

What is a notable labelling difference between PGI wines and PDO wines?

A

PGI wines will usually state grape variety on the label

29
Q

What category of wine offers european winemakers the most flexible production rules?

A

Wine without a GI

30
Q

Give an example of what a wine brand owner may be able to create without the restrictions of GI rules

A

Create multi-regional blends by sourcing grapes from different parts of a country, or even multi-national blends by sourcing grapes from different countries in the EU.

31
Q

Nearly on non EU wines fall into what legal production category?

A

Wines with a GI

32
Q

What is the major difference between EU and non-EU GI wines?

A

Non-EU wines are not governed by local laws to define and limit what local varieties can be planted

33
Q

What is rarely seen on the label of a non-EU wine?

A

Legal terms such as Ward, AVA or Zone

34
Q

What is another set of labelling terms that have evolved in the EU and been defined by local laws? What is the goal?

A

Terms to indicate both quality and style and the EU has been keen to limit the extend to which these labeling terms are copied in other countries.

35
Q

Give an example of a country that no longer uses a legally defined label associated with quality and style indications.

A

Australia has a long tradition of making high quality fortified wines in a sherry style. These wines were labelled using sherry terms such as Fino and Amontillado but this is no longer permitted.

36
Q

When is alcohol consumption not considered as harmful to health?

A

When consumed in moderation

37
Q

What is the behavioural effect of too much alcohol being consumed by one person?

A

It can significantly affect their behaviour, often in dangerous and socially unacceptable ways

38
Q

Besides behavioural connotations, what are the other potential undesirable effects of alcohol in excess?

A

It can be addictive

It can have negative effects on short-term and long-term health

39
Q

In which cultures is alcohol consumption banned altogether?

A

In those which consider it socially unacceptable

40
Q

How are limits applied to access and harmful effects of wine by governments?

A

By using legislation

41
Q

What are the two biggest focuses of alcohol legislation in most countries?

A

A minimum age being set for personal consumption, as young people are seen as being more vulnerable to its potentially harmful effects.
Second it limit the level of blood alcohol someone can have when driving.

42
Q

How is blood alcohol usually expressed?

A

mg of ethanol per ml of blood

43
Q

Why is driving under the influence monitored? (What are the main effects which make driving under the influence dangerous?)

A

Alcohol reduces co-ordination, slows reaction times and increases risk-taking, therefore driving or operating machinery under the influence of alcohol significantly increases the risk of injury or death for the operator/driver and those around them

44
Q

How else do governments sometimes encourage safe alcohol consumption?

A

By publishing ‘sensible drinking’ guidelines

45
Q

What is the main constituent of sensible drinking guidelines?

A

Recommended daily and weekly maximum consumption amounts expressed as fixed quantities of alcohol or ‘units’ by gender

46
Q

How may a government place limits on advertising and marketing of alcohol?

A

Through voluntary industry codes
Through direct legislation
A combination of both

47
Q

What are marketing and advertising legislation designed to do?

A

Place limits on lifestyle claims that can be made for a product in advertisements and/or encourage or require the use of responsible drinking messaging in advertising and on packaging

WSET 3 (2nd Edition) (11 decks)

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