Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Micro-101 > Chap 24 - Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Chap 24 - Antimicrobials Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who originated the concept of selective toxicity?

A

Ehrlich originated the concept of selective toxicity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is selective toxicity?

A

The selective toxicity of antibiotics means that they must be highly effective against the microbe but have minimal or no toxicity to humans. “Harm the pathogen / not the host.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Penicillium kills what kind of bacteria

A

Penicillium mold produces a substance that kills gram-positive bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of “agents” are made in a pharmaceutical lab?

A

Synthetic Agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These are products of or derived from the metabolism of living microorganisms?

A

Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

These are a new generation antimicrobials which are chemically modified antibiotics?

A

Semisynthetic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____is a dose of a drug is the concentration causing harm to the host.

A

Toxic Dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______is referred to as the concentration eliminating pathogens in the host.

A

Therapeutic Dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The toxic and therapeutic doses are used to formulate the ________.

A

Chemotherapeutic Index (Toxic / Therapeutic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Drugs have a range of pathogens on which they will work, this is referred to as the ______.

A

Antimicrobial spectrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Synthetic Antibacterial Agents do what?

A

Inhibit DNA Synthesis and Cell Wall Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are characteristics of Sulfanilamides?

A
  1. Target specific metabolic reactions. 2. Out compete essential folic acid components for binding sites in a bacterial enzyme. 3. Prevent nucleic acid synthesis and DNA replication.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sulfanilamides are categorized as what kind of antibacterial agents?

A

Synthetic Agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are three common Synthetic Agents?

A

Sulfanilamides, Isoniazid, Quinolones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Quinolones does what?

A

Blocks DNA synthesis in bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isoniazid do what?

A

Interferes with cell wall synthesis in species of Mycobacterium by inhibiting the production of mycolic acid

17
Q

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics do what?

A

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Inhibit Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis

18
Q

How does Penicillin work?

A

Active against many gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. Interfere with cell wall synthesis in rapidly growing cells, causing the cell to burst.

19
Q

Penicillin-resistant species produce _______ that inactivate penicillin?

A

Beta-lactamases

20
Q

Name two broad spectrum beta-lactams

A

Ampicillin and Amoxacillin

21
Q

What are broader spectrum semi-synthetic penicillins alternatives to penicillin?

A

Cephalosporins

22
Q

What are monobactams active against?

A

Aerobic, gram-negative rods.

23
Q

What is vancomycin effective against? And what are the side effects?

A

Gram-positive bacteria such as staphyococci. Side effects include damage to ears and kidneys.

24
Q

Polypeptide antibiotics affect what?

A

The Cell membrane

25
Q

Name two polypeptide antibiotics

A

Bacitracin, and Polymyxin

26
Q

Which polypeptide antibiotic is only used topically because it is toxic?

A

Bacitracin

27
Q

Tetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics that

target the attachment of ______.

A

tRNA to the 30S subunit.

28
Q

What antibiotic causes “Gray baby” syndrome?

A

Chloramphenicol

29
Q

Chloramphenicol is reserved for serious infections such as _______.

A

Meningitis, cholera, typhoid and typhus fevers, and rocky mountain spotted fevers.

30
Q

Rifampin inhibits synthesis of what?

A

Nucleic Acid

31
Q

Rifampin interferes with what?

A

RNA Synthesis

32
Q

True or False - MRSA is a gram-positive bacteria?

A

True

33
Q

What semisynthetic drug used against penicillin-resistant bacteria?

A

Clindamycin

34
Q

List the ways antibiotic resistance can develop.

A
  1. Mutations 2. Horizontal Gene Transfer (T/T/C) 3. Altering metabolic pathways 4. Inactivating antibiotics 5. Reducing membrane permeability 6. modifying the drug targets.
35
Q

A polyene used to treat Candida infections

A

Nystatin

36
Q

Initial quartet of wonder drugs are:

A

Penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

Micro-101 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions