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Micro-101 > Chap 12 - Soilborne & Athropodborne Bact Diz > Flashcards

Chap 12 - Soilborne & Athropodborne Bact Diz Flashcards

0
Q

Soilborne bacterial diseases develop from what?

A

Endospores

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1
Q

_______ is an enzootic disease of large herbivores that ingest the spores while grazing?

A

Anthrax

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2
Q

Bacillus anthracis produces a capsule and ___ _____.

A

3 exotoxins

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3
Q

Name the three forms of human anthrax

A

Inhalation Anthrax
Intestinal Anthrax
Cutaneous anthrax

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5
Q

Anthrax is not an agent of bioterrorism (t or f)

A

False, it is

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6
Q

Woolsorter’s disease is also known as______

A

Inhalation anthrax

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7
Q

Intestinal anthrax comes from what?

A

Contaminated and undercooked meat.

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8
Q

What kind of anthrax develops into a black necrotic sore?

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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9
Q

This kind of anthrax comes from a skin abrasions that came in contact with spore-contaminated animal products (like shaving bristles)

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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10
Q

_______ causes hyperactive muscle contractions

A

Tetanus

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11
Q

Wounds caused from soilborne contaminants

introduce tetanus endospores to tissues. (T/F)

A

True

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12
Q

Tetanospasimin is a what?

A

A neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani that blocks the inhibition of muscle contractions.

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13
Q

This is formerly known as “lockjaw”

A

Tetanus

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14
Q

How is tetanus treated?

A

Penicillin and antitoxins

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15
Q

After childhood inoculations, a tetanus vaccine is recommended every 20 years. (T/F)

A

False, vaccines are recommended every 10 years.

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16
Q

Gas Gangrene causes limited damage. (T/F)

A

False, this causes massive tissue damage.

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17
Q

What causes the blocking of blood flow?

A

Dead Tissue.

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18
Q

In Gas Gangrene, what causes gas below the skin?

A

Fermentation

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19
Q

The treatment for gas gangrene is debridement, antibiotics and a hyperbaric oxygen chamber (bacteria are anaerobic).

A

True

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20
Q

Are the bacteria in gas gangrene aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic.

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21
Q

Where is leptospirosis most prevalent?

A

Subtropics

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22
Q

Leptospirosis is not a zoonotic disease? (T/F)

A

False, it is a zoonotic disease.

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23
Q

What casues leptospirosis and what shape is it?

A

Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira interrogans, a spirochete with an endoflagella

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24
Q

Animal urine is how humans become infected with leptospirosis. (T/F)

A

True

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25
Q

What is the treatment/prevention for leptospirosis?

A

Doxycycline

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26
Q

Bacterial diseases cannot be transmitted by arthropods, (T/F)

A

False, some can (e.g. the Plague)

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27
Q

How many people did the Plague kill in Europe during the middle ages?

A

25 million

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28
Q

How is Yersinia Pestis (the Plague) carried?

A

The vector is fleas! (although once thought to be rodents)

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29
Q

Yersinia Pestis (the Plague) causes 3 forms of the plague which are?

A

Bubonic Plague, Septicemic Plague, and Pneumonic Plague

30
Q

The _______ form of the Plague spread through the bloodstream.

A

Septicemic plague

31
Q

This type of plague spreads through respiratory droplets

32
Q

This type of plague accumulates in the bloodstream and localizes in the lymph nodes.

A

Bubonic plague.

33
Q

Buboes are what and is associate with this type of plague.?

A

Buboes is a swollen, inflamed lymph node in the armpit or groin. This is associate with the bubonic plague.

34
Q

This form of plague is found today in the SW among prairie dogs.

A

Sylvatic Plague.

35
Q

Yersinia Perstis as been erradicated. (T/F)

A

False, it is still here (found in the desert among prairie dogs)

36
Q

Sylvatic Plague is treatable with antibiotics?

A

Yes - Doxycyline, streptomycin, cipro, etc.

37
Q

Tularemia has more than one disease presentation. (T/F)

38
Q

What organism causes rabbit fever?

A

Franciscella tularensis

39
Q

Tularemia can have a tick vector or be acquired by infected meat, contaminated water or air. (T/F)

40
Q

A vector is what?

A

Any agent (person, animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.

41
Q

Borrelia burgdorferia is transmitted by_____ and causes_____.

A

bite of a small tick and causes Lyme Disease

42
Q

Arthropods include:

A

mosquitoes, flies, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks and mites

43
Q

Many of these “vectors” are haematophagous, which means what?

A

They feed on blood at some or all stages of their lives. When the insects blood feed, the parasite enters the blood stream of the host.

44
Q

Examples of vector-borne zoonotic diseases include:

A

dengue fever, Lyme disease, plague, West Nile virus.

45
Q

Lyme Disease is not treatable in early stages, (T/F)

A

False, it is treatable.

46
Q

What develops in late stages of Lyme Disease?

A

Chronic arthritis and swelling in the joints.

47
Q

If untreated, can Lyme Disease spread to other places of the body?

A

Yes: the skin, heart, nervous system, and joints.

48
Q

What is a sign that you have Lyme Disease?

A

A “bull’s-eye rash” begins at the site of the tick bite with fever, aches, pains, and flu-like symptoms.

49
Q

Relapsing Fever is cause by what?

A

Ticks and lice.

50
Q

Borrelia hermisii cause what?

A

Tickborne (endemic) relapsing fever.

51
Q

How many times can the relapsing fevers reoccur?

A

13 times (as spirochetes increase in numbers)

52
Q

Borellia Recurrentis causes ____ ____ _____ and is carried by ___ ___?

A

Epidemic relapsing fever, body lice.

53
Q

All relapsing fevers are treated by antibiotics. (T/F)

A

True, they all are.

54
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, which is transmitted by___ ___?

A

Hard Ticks.

55
Q

These infections often involve characteristic rash, and tick/lice/ or flea vectors.

A

Rickettsia.

56
Q

Epidemic typhus is caused by _____ _____ and transmitted by ____ ____.

A

Rickettsia prowazekii, body lice (through the feces of the louse)

57
Q

Epidemic typhus is associated with ______? The characteristics are_______?

A

War, famine, poverty. High fever and rash.

58
Q

What is a milder form of typhus?

A

Brill-Zinsser Disease

59
Q

Murine (Mouse) typhus is caused by ____, spread by _____, and has the following symptoms. (skipped in ppt)

A

Rickettsia typhi. Spread by fleas and lice. Symptoms are milder fever, headache and rash.

60
Q

Scrub Typhus is carried by what and caused by what? (skipped in ppt)

A

Carried by a chigger mite, and caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi

61
Q

This looks like chickenpox and is spread by mites from mice and is caused by Rickettsia akari (skipped in ppt)

A

Rickettsialpox

62
Q

A disease endemic to a population of animals

63
Q

What do anthrax, tetanus and gas gangrene have in common?

A

Soilborne, Gram Positive & Form endospores

64
Q

True False: Leptospirosis is gram negative spirochete?

65
Q

What is the worst type of anthrax?

A

Inhalation

66
Q

What do plague, tularemia, rickettsiae have in common?

A

Arthropod and Gram Negative

67
Q

What do Lyme Disease and Relapsing fever have in common?

A

Spirochete

68
Q

How does plague appear after stained?

A

Lymphatic Bipolar Stain (stains both ends)

69
Q

True or False: Tularemia requires a large infectious dose.

A

FALSE! It requires an extremely small infectious dose.

70
Q

What disease does Borrelia Burgdorferi cause?

A

Lyme Disease

71
Q

True or False: Ticks poop in your wound.

Micro-101 (7 decks)

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