Chap 12 - Soilborne & Athropodborne Bact Diz Flashcards

0
Q

Soilborne bacterial diseases develop from what?

A

Endospores

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1
Q

_______ is an enzootic disease of large herbivores that ingest the spores while grazing?

A

Anthrax

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2
Q

Bacillus anthracis produces a capsule and ___ _____.

A

3 exotoxins

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3
Q

Name the three forms of human anthrax

A

Inhalation Anthrax
Intestinal Anthrax
Cutaneous anthrax

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5
Q

Anthrax is not an agent of bioterrorism (t or f)

A

False, it is

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6
Q

Woolsorter’s disease is also known as______

A

Inhalation anthrax

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7
Q

Intestinal anthrax comes from what?

A

Contaminated and undercooked meat.

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8
Q

What kind of anthrax develops into a black necrotic sore?

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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9
Q

This kind of anthrax comes from a skin abrasions that came in contact with spore-contaminated animal products (like shaving bristles)

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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10
Q

_______ causes hyperactive muscle contractions

A

Tetanus

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11
Q

Wounds caused from soilborne contaminants

introduce tetanus endospores to tissues. (T/F)

A

True

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12
Q

Tetanospasimin is a what?

A

A neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani that blocks the inhibition of muscle contractions.

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13
Q

This is formerly known as “lockjaw”

A

Tetanus

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14
Q

How is tetanus treated?

A

Penicillin and antitoxins

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15
Q

After childhood inoculations, a tetanus vaccine is recommended every 20 years. (T/F)

A

False, vaccines are recommended every 10 years.

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16
Q

Gas Gangrene causes limited damage. (T/F)

A

False, this causes massive tissue damage.

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17
Q

What causes the blocking of blood flow?

A

Dead Tissue.

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18
Q

In Gas Gangrene, what causes gas below the skin?

A

Fermentation

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19
Q

The treatment for gas gangrene is debridement, antibiotics and a hyperbaric oxygen chamber (bacteria are anaerobic).

A

True

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20
Q

Are the bacteria in gas gangrene aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic.

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21
Q

Where is leptospirosis most prevalent?

A

Subtropics

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22
Q

Leptospirosis is not a zoonotic disease? (T/F)

A

False, it is a zoonotic disease.

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23
Q

What casues leptospirosis and what shape is it?

A

Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira interrogans, a spirochete with an endoflagella

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24
Q

Animal urine is how humans become infected with leptospirosis. (T/F)

A

True

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25
What is the treatment/prevention for leptospirosis?
Doxycycline
26
Bacterial diseases cannot be transmitted by arthropods, (T/F)
False, some can (e.g. the Plague)
27
How many people did the Plague kill in Europe during the middle ages?
25 million
28
How is Yersinia Pestis (the Plague) carried?
The vector is fleas! (although once thought to be rodents)
29
Yersinia Pestis (the Plague) causes 3 forms of the plague which are?
Bubonic Plague, Septicemic Plague, and Pneumonic Plague
30
The _______ form of the Plague spread through the bloodstream.
Septicemic plague
31
This type of plague spreads through respiratory droplets
Pneumonic
32
This type of plague accumulates in the bloodstream and localizes in the lymph nodes.
Bubonic plague.
33
Buboes are what and is associate with this type of plague.?
Buboes is a swollen, inflamed lymph node in the armpit or groin. This is associate with the bubonic plague.
34
This form of plague is found today in the SW among prairie dogs.
Sylvatic Plague.
35
Yersinia Perstis as been erradicated. (T/F)
False, it is still here (found in the desert among prairie dogs)
36
Sylvatic Plague is treatable with antibiotics?
Yes - Doxycyline, streptomycin, cipro, etc.
37
Tularemia has more than one disease presentation. (T/F)
True
38
What organism causes rabbit fever?
Franciscella tularensis
39
Tularemia can have a tick vector or be acquired by infected meat, contaminated water or air. (T/F)
True
40
A vector is what?
Any agent (person, animal or microorganism) that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.
41
Borrelia burgdorferia is transmitted by_____ and causes_____.
bite of a small tick and causes Lyme Disease
42
Arthropods include:
mosquitoes, flies, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks and mites
43
Many of these "vectors" are haematophagous, which means what?
They feed on blood at some or all stages of their lives. When the insects blood feed, the parasite enters the blood stream of the host.
44
Examples of vector-borne zoonotic diseases include:
dengue fever, Lyme disease, plague, West Nile virus.
45
Lyme Disease is not treatable in early stages, (T/F)
False, it is treatable.
46
What develops in late stages of Lyme Disease?
Chronic arthritis and swelling in the joints.
47
If untreated, can Lyme Disease spread to other places of the body?
Yes: the skin, heart, nervous system, and joints.
48
What is a sign that you have Lyme Disease?
A "bull's-eye rash" begins at the site of the tick bite with fever, aches, pains, and flu-like symptoms.
49
Relapsing Fever is cause by what?
Ticks and lice.
50
Borrelia hermisii cause what?
Tickborne (endemic) relapsing fever.
51
How many times can the relapsing fevers reoccur?
13 times (as spirochetes increase in numbers)
52
Borellia Recurrentis causes ____ ____ _____ and is carried by ___ ___?
Epidemic relapsing fever, body lice.
53
All relapsing fevers are treated by antibiotics. (T/F)
True, they all are.
54
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, which is transmitted by___ ___?
Hard Ticks.
55
These infections often involve characteristic rash, and tick/lice/ or flea vectors.
Rickettsia.
56
Epidemic typhus is caused by _____ _____ and transmitted by ____ ____.
Rickettsia prowazekii, body lice (through the feces of the louse)
57
Epidemic typhus is associated with ______? The characteristics are_______?
War, famine, poverty. High fever and rash.
58
What is a milder form of typhus?
Brill-Zinsser Disease
59
Murine (Mouse) typhus is caused by ____, spread by _____, and has the following symptoms. (skipped in ppt)
Rickettsia typhi. Spread by fleas and lice. Symptoms are milder fever, headache and rash.
60
Scrub Typhus is carried by what and caused by what? (skipped in ppt)
Carried by a chigger mite, and caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi
61
This looks like chickenpox and is spread by mites from mice and is caused by Rickettsia akari (skipped in ppt)
Rickettsialpox
62
A disease endemic to a population of animals
Enzootic
63
What do anthrax, tetanus and gas gangrene have in common?
Soilborne, Gram Positive & Form endospores
64
True False: Leptospirosis is gram negative spirochete?
True
65
What is the worst type of anthrax?
Inhalation
66
What do plague, tularemia, rickettsiae have in common?
Arthropod and Gram Negative
67
What do Lyme Disease and Relapsing fever have in common?
Spirochete
68
How does plague appear after stained?
Lymphatic Bipolar Stain (stains both ends)
69
True or False: Tularemia requires a large infectious dose.
FALSE! It requires an extremely small infectious dose.
70
What disease does Borrelia Burgdorferi cause?
Lyme Disease
71
True or False: Ticks poop in your wound.
True. :(