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Micro-101 > Chap 10 - Airborne Bacterial Diseases > Flashcards

Chap 10 - Airborne Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

0
Q

The upper respiratory tract consists of what?

A

Sphenoidal sinus, frontal sinus, nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx

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1
Q

Where is microbial colonization usually limited to?

A

The upper respiratory tract

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2
Q

The lower respiratory tract consists of what?

A

Trachea, lungs, bronchi, diaphragm

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3
Q

What traps microbes and particulates larger than 2nanos in a layer of mucus?

A

Mucociliary clearance

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4
Q

_____ is an inflammation of the throat

A

Pharyngitis

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5
Q

Scarlet fever is a rash caused by what ______ ______.

A

Erythrogenic exotoxins

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6
Q

This is a rare inflammatory response to bacterial M proteins, which may lead to renal damage.

A

Acute glomerulonephritus

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7
Q

This illness produces an exotoxin that inhibits translation, which results in the accumulation of a pseudomembrane on the tonsils or pharynx

A

Diphtheria

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9
Q

Diphtheria is treated with what?

A

Antibiotics and antitoxins (neutralizes toxin)

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10
Q

This illness begins when a localized infection invades the blood and then the meninges around the brain and spinal cord.

A

Acute bacterial meningitis

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11
Q

What are the signs for strep throat (S. Pyogenes) and how is it treated?

A

Sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes & tonsils (beefy red tissue). It is treated with penicillin class antibiotics

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12
Q

Name the bacteria that causes Diptheria

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae.

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13
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Diptheria

A

Sore throat, fever, pseudomembrane, swell of the epiglottis. Tr

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14
Q

How is diphtheria prevented

A

Diphtheria toxoid vaccine

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15
Q

What is the most commonly infected part of the URT and what is the infection called.

A

The Nose, rhinitis

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16
Q

Sinusitis always begins with what?

17
Q

This is often referred to as swimmers ear because it infects the ear canal (toward the exterior)

A

Otitis externa

18
Q

Otitis Externa

A 
Organism name: Strep, Staph, Pseudomonas
Treatment: topical/oral medication
Signs&Symptoms: Itching followed by pain
Transmission: contaminated water (swimmer’s ear)
Prevention: Keep ears dry
19
Q

Otitis Media

A

Description: Nasopharynx connected to middle ear; Why colds cause ear infections
Can cause COM – hearing loss due to biofilm colony
Treatment: antibiotics
Signs&Symptoms: ear pain, bulging and red ear drum
Transmission: airborne, or direct contact
Prevention: limit time in daycare

20
Q

What is the most dangerous form of meningitis

A

N. Meningitidis

21
Q

Signs/Symptoms and Treatment for Meningitis

A 
Major signs and symptoms: 
Meningococcemia (blood infection)
rash (red with blue black spots)
Headache & sensitivity to light
nausea & vomiting
Stiff neck
Blurred vision
Diagnosis: CSF obtained by spinal tap
Treatment: Considered Emergency; IV Antibiotics
Prevention: Vaccine
22
Q

Describe the pathway for bacterial meningitis.

A

Nasopharyngeal colonization | invasion of epithelium |

Invasion of bloodstream | into CSF and meninges & BBB

23
Q

Is bacterial meningitis gram positive or negative?

A

gram-negative diplococci

24
Q

This disease is also known as whooping cough

25
Pertussis
Organism name: Bordetella pertussis ; gram neg rod Transmission: Respiratory Droplet Teatment: Erythromycin (Antibiotic) Prevention: Vaccine; TDaP or DTaP (uses a cellular pertussis vs dangerous merthiolate) Brief description: Pili adher to cilia and produce exotoxin Toxin paralyzes ciliated cells; impairs mucus movement. “100 day cough.” Major signs and symptoms: Violent cough followed by whooping noise as breathing in. Malaise & Paroxysm (general ill feeling & coughing fits) Low grade fever
26
What does "a" in DTaP stand for?
Aceullar (no live cells)
27
Tuberculosis (TB)
Organism name: Mycobaterium Tubercuclosis Brief description: small, aerobic, nonmotile rod; forms waxy cell surface enhancing resistance to drying, disinfectants and antibiotics. Long incubation period. Transmission: aerosolized droplets; person to person; infectious dose is small Diagnosis: Mantoux skin test If welt (induration): shows that you make antibodies; means you have been exposed at some point in your life. Must have follow up chest x-ray Acid Fast Stain the sputum; sputum may contain traces of blood Major signs and symptoms: Active – cough, fever, fatigue, weight loss, breathing pain, chills/sweats Treatment: therapy with antibiotics Prevention: TB Vaccine; minimize contact with TB patients
28
What is another name for TB
Consumption. If the tubercle breaks apart, bacteria spread throughout the body.
29
This for of TB is the development of active tubercles throughout the body; accompanied by rash resembling millet seed
Miliary TB.
30
Infectious Bronchitis
Disease: Infectious Bronchitis; inflammation of the bronchi – produces excessive mucus and narrowing of bronchi Organism name: Mycoplasma/Chlamydophila/Strep strains of Pneumoniae, or Haemophilus Influenzae Brief description: can be caused by bacteria following URT viral infection such as the common cold or flu. Transmission: respiratory droplets Treatment: Antibiotics Prevention: Annual flu vaccine; good hygiene Major signs and symptoms: “Flu Like Symptoms”; dry cough
31
Class signs of Inflammation
Dolor - Pain Tumor - Swelling Rubor - Redness Calor - Heat
32
HCAP stands for what
Health Care-Acquired Pneumonia
33
Staphylococcal pneumonia caused by
Staphylococcus aureus (It may result in necrotizing pneumonia)
34
Psittacosis (aka ornithosis)
Zoonotic Respiratory Disease: Organism: Chlamydophila psittaci Transmission: from infected birds (wild birds like parakeets, pigeon “Don’t inhale bird droppings.” Prevention: Keep susceptible birds away from infecting agents
35
Chlamydial pneumonia
Organism : Chlamydophila pneumoniae Transmission: human-to-human via respiratory droplets, causing CAP. Prevention Good hygiene
36
Anthrax
Organism name: Bacillus anthracis Brief description: spore forming, aerobic, gram (+) rod; Found in cattle…they ingest it from the soil Transmission: inhalation of endospores; handling animals “woolsorter’s disease” Teatment: Penicillin (antibiotics) Prevention: avoid contact with infected livestock Symptoms: same as common cold or flu; fever,chills, cough, chest pain, headache and malaise).
37
S Pyogenes causes:
Step throat Scarlet fever Rheumatic fever
38
What is the pseudomembe is made up of what?
WBCs, mucus, and dead cells
39
CAP is what and it causes rust colored sputum.
Community Acquired Pneumonia

Micro-101 (7 decks)

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