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Micro-101 > Chap 10 - Airborne Bacterial Diseases > Flashcards

Chap 10 - Airborne Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

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0
Q

The upper respiratory tract consists of what?

A

Sphenoidal sinus, frontal sinus, nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx

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1
Q

Where is microbial colonization usually limited to?

A

The upper respiratory tract

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2
Q

The lower respiratory tract consists of what?

A

Trachea, lungs, bronchi, diaphragm

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3
Q

What traps microbes and particulates larger than 2nanos in a layer of mucus?

A

Mucociliary clearance

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4
Q

_____ is an inflammation of the throat

A

Pharyngitis

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5
Q

Scarlet fever is a rash caused by what ______ ______.

A

Erythrogenic exotoxins

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6
Q

This is a rare inflammatory response to bacterial M proteins, which may lead to renal damage.

A

Acute glomerulonephritus

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7
Q

This illness produces an exotoxin that inhibits translation, which results in the accumulation of a pseudomembrane on the tonsils or pharynx

A

Diphtheria

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9
Q

Diphtheria is treated with what?

A

Antibiotics and antitoxins (neutralizes toxin)

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10
Q

This illness begins when a localized infection invades the blood and then the meninges around the brain and spinal cord.

A

Acute bacterial meningitis

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11
Q

What are the signs for strep throat (S. Pyogenes) and how is it treated?

A

Sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes & tonsils (beefy red tissue). It is treated with penicillin class antibiotics

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12
Q

Name the bacteria that causes Diptheria

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae.

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13
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Diptheria

A

Sore throat, fever, pseudomembrane, swell of the epiglottis. Tr

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14
Q

How is diphtheria prevented

A

Diphtheria toxoid vaccine

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15
Q

What is the most commonly infected part of the URT and what is the infection called.

A

The Nose, rhinitis

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16
Q

Sinusitis always begins with what?

A

Rhinitis.

17
Q

This is often referred to as swimmers ear because it infects the ear canal (toward the exterior)

A

Otitis externa

18
Q

Otitis Externa

A 
Organism name: Strep, Staph, Pseudomonas
Treatment: topical/oral medication
Signs&Symptoms: Itching followed by pain
Transmission: contaminated water (swimmer’s ear)
Prevention: Keep ears dry
19
Q

Otitis Media

A

Description: Nasopharynx connected to middle ear; Why colds cause ear infections
Can cause COM – hearing loss due to biofilm colony
Treatment: antibiotics
Signs&Symptoms: ear pain, bulging and red ear drum
Transmission: airborne, or direct contact
Prevention: limit time in daycare

20
Q

What is the most dangerous form of meningitis

A

N. Meningitidis

21
Q

Signs/Symptoms and Treatment for Meningitis

A 
Major signs and symptoms: 
Meningococcemia (blood infection)
rash (red with blue black spots)
Headache & sensitivity to light
nausea & vomiting
Stiff neck
Blurred vision
Diagnosis: CSF obtained by spinal tap
Treatment: Considered Emergency; IV Antibiotics
Prevention: Vaccine
22
Q

Describe the pathway for bacterial meningitis.

A

Nasopharyngeal colonization | invasion of epithelium |

Invasion of bloodstream | into CSF and meninges & BBB

23
Q

Is bacterial meningitis gram positive or negative?

A

gram-negative diplococci

24
Q

This disease is also known as whooping cough

A

Pertussis

25
Q

Pertussis

A

Organism name: Bordetella pertussis ; gram neg rod
Transmission: Respiratory Droplet
Teatment: Erythromycin (Antibiotic)
Prevention: Vaccine; TDaP or DTaP (uses a cellular pertussis vs dangerous merthiolate)
Brief description:
Pili adher to cilia and produce exotoxin
Toxin paralyzes ciliated cells; impairs mucus movement.
“100 day cough.”
Major signs and symptoms:
Violent cough followed by whooping noise as breathing in.
Malaise & Paroxysm (general ill feeling & coughing fits)
Low grade fever

26
Q

What does “a” in DTaP stand for?

A

Aceullar (no live cells)

27
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Organism name: Mycobaterium Tubercuclosis
Brief description: small, aerobic, nonmotile rod; forms waxy cell surface enhancing resistance to drying, disinfectants and antibiotics. Long incubation period.
Transmission: aerosolized droplets; person to person; infectious dose is small
Diagnosis:
Mantoux skin test
If welt (induration): shows that you make antibodies; means you have been exposed at some point in your life.
Must have follow up chest x-ray
Acid Fast Stain the sputum; sputum may contain traces of blood
Major signs and symptoms:
Active – cough, fever, fatigue, weight loss, breathing pain, chills/sweats
Treatment: therapy with antibiotics
Prevention: TB Vaccine; minimize contact with TB patients

28
Q

What is another name for TB

A

Consumption. If the tubercle breaks apart, bacteria spread throughout the body.

29
Q

This for of TB is the development of active tubercles throughout the body; accompanied by rash resembling millet seed

A

Miliary TB.

30
Q

Infectious Bronchitis

A

Disease: Infectious Bronchitis; inflammation of the bronchi – produces excessive mucus and narrowing of bronchi
Organism name: Mycoplasma/Chlamydophila/Strep strains of Pneumoniae, or Haemophilus Influenzae
Brief description: can be caused by bacteria following URT viral infection such as the common cold or flu.
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Treatment: Antibiotics
Prevention: Annual flu vaccine; good hygiene
Major signs and symptoms: “Flu Like Symptoms”; dry cough

31
Q

Class signs of Inflammation

A

Dolor - Pain
Tumor - Swelling
Rubor - Redness
Calor - Heat

32
Q

HCAP stands for what

A

Health Care-Acquired Pneumonia

33
Q

Staphylococcal pneumonia caused by

A

Staphylococcus aureus (It may result in necrotizing pneumonia)

34
Q

Psittacosis (aka ornithosis)

A

Zoonotic Respiratory Disease:
Organism: Chlamydophila psittaci
Transmission: from infected birds (wild birds like parakeets, pigeon
“Don’t inhale bird droppings.”
Prevention: Keep susceptible birds away from infecting agents

35
Q

Chlamydial pneumonia

A

Organism : Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Transmission: human-to-human via respiratory droplets, causing CAP.
Prevention Good hygiene

36
Q

Anthrax

A

Organism name: Bacillus anthracis
Brief description: spore forming, aerobic, gram (+) rod; Found in cattle…they ingest it from the soil
Transmission: inhalation of endospores; handling animals “woolsorter’s disease”
Teatment: Penicillin (antibiotics)
Prevention: avoid contact with infected livestock
Symptoms: same as common cold or flu; fever,chills, cough, chest pain, headache and malaise).

37
Q

S Pyogenes causes:

A

Step throat
Scarlet fever
Rheumatic fever

38
Q

What is the pseudomembe is made up of what?

A

WBCs, mucus, and dead cells

39
Q

CAP is what and it causes rust colored sputum.

A

Community Acquired Pneumonia

Micro-101 (7 decks)

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