Chap 19 - Infection and Disease Flashcards
Infection refers to what?
The multiplication of a microbe in a host. It produces inflammation in infected tissue.
Disease happens after what?
After the host loses the competition with the infections.
_______ is the population of microbes that reside in the body without causing disease
Microbiome
True or false: In mutualism, only the microbe benefits.
False - both host and microbe benefit.
In Commensalism the host is benefited and the microbe is unaffected? (true or false)
False - In Commensalism, the microbe benefits and the host is unaffected.
Can Antibiotics injure gut microbota?
True
Can probiotics restore microbiota after taking antibiotics?
Yes.
When do human microbiome begin?
At birth.
True or False, by adulthood the body contains 10 times more microbial cells than human cells.
True.
In _________, pathogens that cause damage and disease in the host.
Parasitism
_________, refers to a microbe’s ability to enter a host and cause disease
Pathogenicity
The degree of pathogenicity is referred to as?
Virulence
________ ________, refers to gene clusters responsible for virulence.
Pathogenicity islands
What kind of infection occurs if a pathogen breaches the host’s external defense and enters sterile tissue?
Exogenous Infection.
What kind of infection occurs if normal microbiota enter sterile tissue?
Endogenous Infection
What kind of infection occurs when commensals take advantage of a change in the body’s environment that favors the microbe
Opportunistic Infections
Primary infections occur in______?
In otherwise healthy bodies.
Secondary infections occur in a body_______?
Weakened by a primary infection.
Local diseases are restricted to a single area, true or false?
True.
Systemic diseases do not disseminate to organs and systems, true or false?
False - Systemic diseases DO disseminate to organs and
systems.
What are the stages of disease?
incubation period, prodromal phase, acme period (climax), decline, and convalescense.
When are the signs of disease most intense?
During the acme period aka climax
During this phase, mild signs or symptoms appear.
The Prodromal phase.
The time between entry of the microbe and symptom appearance, is know as what?
The incubation period
The “Decline” phase, signs and symptoms subside.
True
What is the name of the phase when the body returns to normal?
Convalescence.
What terminology characterizes disease?
Signs (measurable), symptoms (feelings), and syndromes (progression).
Does Acute or chronic disease develop rapidly, cause severe symptoms, and fade quickly?
Acute
Does Acute or Chronic disease linger for longer periods of time, and are slower to develop and recede.
Chronic.
The portal of entry is what
the route an exogenous pathogen uses to enter the body.
What are common portal of entries?
- Inhalation
- Fecal-oral
- STD
- Parenteral (through skin)
The number of microbes entering the body is referred to as what?
the Infectious dose
