Chap 19 - Infection and Disease

Question 1

Infection refers to what?

Answer 1

The multiplication of a microbe in a host. It produces inflammation in infected tissue.

Question 2

Disease happens after what?

Answer 2

After the host loses the competition with the infections.

Question 3

_______ is the population of microbes that reside in the body without causing disease

Answer 3

Microbiome

Question 4

True or false: In mutualism, only the microbe benefits.

Answer 4

False - both host and microbe benefit.

Question 5

In Commensalism the host is benefited and the microbe is unaffected? (true or false)

Answer 5

False - In Commensalism, the microbe benefits and the host is unaffected.

Question 6

Can Antibiotics injure gut microbota?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Can probiotics restore microbiota after taking antibiotics?

Answer 7

Yes.

Question 8

When do human microbiome begin?

Answer 8

At birth.

Question 9

True or False, by adulthood the body contains 10 times more microbial cells than human cells.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

In _________, pathogens that cause damage and disease in the host.

Answer 10

Parasitism

Question 11

_________, refers to a microbe’s ability to enter a host and cause disease

Answer 11

Pathogenicity

Question 12

The degree of pathogenicity is referred to as?

Answer 12

Virulence

Question 13

________ ________, refers to gene clusters responsible for virulence.

Answer 13

Pathogenicity islands

Question 14

What kind of infection occurs if a pathogen breaches the host’s external defense and enters sterile tissue?

Answer 14

Exogenous Infection.

Question 15

What kind of infection occurs if normal microbiota enter sterile tissue?

Answer 15

Endogenous Infection

Question 16

What kind of infection occurs when commensals take advantage of a change in the body’s environment that favors the microbe

Answer 16

Opportunistic Infections

Question 17

Primary infections occur in______?

Answer 17

In otherwise healthy bodies.

Question 18

Secondary infections occur in a body_______?

Answer 18

Weakened by a primary infection.

Question 19

Local diseases are restricted to a single area, true or false?

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

Systemic diseases do not disseminate to organs and systems, true or false?

Answer 20

False - Systemic diseases DO disseminate to organs and

systems.

Question 21

What are the stages of disease?

Answer 21

incubation period, prodromal phase, acme period (climax), decline, and convalescense.

Question 22

When are the signs of disease most intense?

Answer 22

During the acme period aka climax

Question 23

During this phase, mild signs or symptoms appear.

Answer 23

The Prodromal phase.

Question 24

The time between entry of the microbe and symptom appearance, is know as what?

Answer 24

The incubation period

Question 25

The “Decline” phase, signs and symptoms subside.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What is the name of the phase when the body returns to normal?

Answer 26

Convalescence.

Question 27

What terminology characterizes disease?

Answer 27

Signs (measurable), symptoms (feelings), and syndromes (progression).

Question 28

Does Acute or chronic disease develop rapidly, cause severe symptoms, and fade quickly?

Answer 28

Acute

Question 29

Does Acute or Chronic disease linger for longer periods of time, and are slower to develop and recede.

Answer 29

Chronic.

Question 30

The portal of entry is what

Answer 30

the route an exogenous pathogen uses to enter the body.

Question 31

What are common portal of entries?

Answer 31

• Inhalation
• Fecal-oral
• STD
• Parenteral (through skin)

Question 32

The number of microbes entering the body is referred to as what?

Answer 32

the Infectious dose