Chap 11 - Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Diseases Flashcards
The digestive system is composed of two separate categories of organs, what are they?
GI Tract (eso, stomach, intestine) and Accessory digestive organs (liver, etc.)
What kind of defenses protect the GI Tract from pathogen colonization?
Chemical, Mechanical, and cellular defenses.
Roles of Gut Microbes:
Break down food
Help produce vitamins (esp K)
Compete/Take up space/food from “bad guys”
Not enough microbe producing vitamin K as a baby, get vitamin K shot
Gingivitis is characterized by what_______
ulcers and bleeding along the gingival margin.
degradation of periodontal ligaments and bone.
loosened or lost teeth.
________ are illnesses in which bacterial toxins are ingested with food or water. (bacteria are making toxins and you drink or eat them)
Intoxications
______ are illnesses in which live bacterial pathogens are ingested and grow in the body.
Infections (actual bacteria are ingested and create illness.)
How are bacterial diseases of the GI tract usually spread?
Food and Water
The infectious dose is what?
the number of bacteria needed to get sick
Food poisoning illnesses are the result of _______
Enterotoxins
Staphylococcus aureus causes
staphylococcal food poisoning
Clostridium perfringens causes
clostridial food poisoning.
What causes the most dangerous foodborne intoxication>
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism (powerful bacteria) is caused by the organism Clostridium Botulinum. Why is it so dangerous?
It realeses a neurotoxin that inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine preventing the contraction of muscles causing flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest.
How can you prevent botulism?
Prevented by heating foods before eating them for at least 10 minutes. (includes heating honey).
What is the most common form of botulism in the US
Infant botulism, It occurs when infants ingest endospores, commonly with honey causing floppy baby syndrome.
Why do Bacterial GI infections have a longer incubation period than intoxications
Because bacterial cells must establish themselves in the body after ingestion.
Cholera is caused by
Vibrio cholerae, often consumed with raw oysters and water.
____ ____ causes listeriosis through fecal contaminated food, water and milk.
Listeria monocytogenes
Listeria primarily affects:
primarily affects pregnant women, newborns, elderly and the immunocompromised causing a form of meningitis.
It loves your fridge! (psychrophile)
Typhoid Fever involves a blood infection, it is caused by
S. typhi (S= salmonella)
S. typhi is transmitted by the five Fs:
Flies Food Fingers Feces Fomites (an object)
Why is S. Typhi dangerous? Signs and Symptoms?
It is acid resistant, so it passes through the stomach to the small intestine with no problem.
S&S: It causes ulcers, bleeding, and pain. Goes to brain and causes delirium/hallucinations.
TYPHOS = Cloudy
________ serotypes are often found in unpasteurized milk or poultry products; often on eggs (scramble or gamble).
Salmonella
_____ and ____ are the reservoir for salmonella
Chickens and turkeys
Shigellosis causes two diseases
Small Intestine – diarrhea; but not lethal
Large Intestine – Dysentary; bloody diarrhea
Shigellosis is primarily caused by
Shigella sonnei
Is there a vaccine for Shigellosis
No
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) does what? (skipped on slides)
Penetrate the intestinal epithelium and produce a toxin that causes gastroenteritis.
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes what? (skipped on slides)
Diarrhea in infants, particularly where sanitation is lacking.
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is so deadly because it contained what toxin?
Shiga toxin in E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks (jack in the box; diff because had shiga toxin)
Dental Caries organism? prevention? treatment?
Organism: Streptococcus mutans.
Prevention:
Fluoride and diet can prevent dental caries.
More sugar more fermentation more acid more wear on your teeth.
Treatment: fillings, crown, root canal.
This is the study of the origin of disease
Etiology
______ are produced by enterobacteria which are restricted to intestinal tract and that act on the intestinal mucosa.
Enterotoxins
Dehydration
Loss of water and electrolytes (Sodium, potassium, calcium);
Affects nerves and muscles
Lose blood volume causing thickening
Urine production can decrease
Listeriosis is transmitted through fecal contaminated food such as cold cuts, soft cheese and milk. It can affect pregnant women by causing perinatal infection leading to miscarriage.
In the immuno-compromised, it leads to a form of _________ .
Meningitis
Guillain-Barre syndrome is what
A rare immune reaction is Guillain-Barre syndrome causing paralysis (antibody attacks own nerves)
H. Pylori causes what disease? describe shpe
causes Gastric Ulcer Disease
Description: microaerophilic, gram negative curved
True or False: It takes 1-6 hours for symptoms of Food poisoning caused by S. Aureus
True
Rice Stool is associated with what disease?
Cholera
C. Diff can end in pseudomembranous colitis caused by what?
Cytotoxin
What is the name of the biofilm, containing salivary proteins, food debris and bacterial cell production?
Dental Plaque
how are dental caries formed?
You eat food>bacteria ferments that food into acid which ruins your enamel!
Another name for dental caries?
tooth decay
What is the dental pellicle?
tooth surface
Is the transmission of h pylori known?
no
How does H. Pylori create ulcers?
- Attaches to stomach wall, then secretes Urease.
- Urease digests urea, producing ammonia.
Urea—urease | CO2 +NH3 (basic products) - Ammonia neutralizes acid in that area of the infection (allowing the bacteria to survive)
- Ammonia+cytotoxin destroys mucous secreting cells, creating sores.
How is H. Pylori Diagnosed? Treatment? prevention?
Diagnosis: drink radioactive urea. If the bacteria are there, H. Pylori will break down radioactive material, you breath out radioactive urea in a breath test.
Treatment: antiobiotics and acid reducing meds
Prevention: don’t share utensils or glasses
S&S: burning pain in stomach, bloat, bloody vomit or stools
Campylobacteriosis is caused by what organism? What is the reservoir? How is it transmitted?
Organism: Campylobacter jejuni;
Description: aerophilic, gram negative rod;
Reservoir: intestinal tract of poultry, cattle; raw milk
Transmission: the fecal-oral route (from chickens)
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US. It is treated with antibiotics. What are the signs and symptoms?
S&S:
Enterotoxin causes gastroenteritis
Cytotoxin causes bloody diarrhea
A rare immune reaction called Guillain-Barre syndrome causing paralysis (antibody attacks own nerves) is caused by what disease?
Campylobacteriosis
“Guillain went to the Barr and drank so much she was paralyzed so we had to carry her back to Camp.”
Listeriosis is caused by what organism?
What is the treatment and prevention?
Organism: Listeria monocytogenes
Description: Anaerobic, gram (+), rod
It loves your fridge! (psychrophile)\Treatment: antibiotic
Prevention: cook raw animal foods, sanitize utensils .
