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Micro-101 > Chap 11 - Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Diseases > Flashcards

Chap 11 - Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

The digestive system is composed of two separate categories of organs, what are they?

A

GI Tract (eso, stomach, intestine) and Accessory digestive organs (liver, etc.)

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2
Q

What kind of defenses protect the GI Tract from pathogen colonization?

A

Chemical, Mechanical, and cellular defenses.

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3
Q

Roles of Gut Microbes:

A

Break down food
Help produce vitamins (esp K)
Compete/Take up space/food from “bad guys”
Not enough microbe producing vitamin K as a baby, get vitamin K shot

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4
Q

Gingivitis is characterized by what_______

A

ulcers and bleeding along the gingival margin.
degradation of periodontal ligaments and bone.
loosened or lost teeth.

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5
Q

________ are illnesses in which bacterial toxins are ingested with food or water. (bacteria are making toxins and you drink or eat them)

A

Intoxications

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6
Q

______ are illnesses in which live bacterial pathogens are ingested and grow in the body.

A

Infections (actual bacteria are ingested and create illness.)

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7
Q

How are bacterial diseases of the GI tract usually spread?

A

Food and Water

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8
Q

The infectious dose is what?

A

the number of bacteria needed to get sick

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9
Q

Food poisoning illnesses are the result of _______

A

Enterotoxins

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10
Q

Staphylococcus aureus causes

A

staphylococcal food poisoning

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11
Q

Clostridium perfringens causes

A

clostridial food poisoning.

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12
Q

What causes the most dangerous foodborne intoxication>

A

Clostridium botulinum

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13
Q

Botulism (powerful bacteria) is caused by the organism Clostridium Botulinum. Why is it so dangerous?

A

It realeses a neurotoxin that inhibits the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine preventing the contraction of muscles causing flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest.

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14
Q

How can you prevent botulism?

A

Prevented by heating foods before eating them for at least 10 minutes. (includes heating honey).

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15
Q

What is the most common form of botulism in the US

A

Infant botulism, It occurs when infants ingest endospores, commonly with honey causing floppy baby syndrome.

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16
Q

Why do Bacterial GI infections have a longer incubation period than intoxications

A

Because bacterial cells must establish themselves in the body after ingestion.

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17
Q

Cholera is caused by

A

Vibrio cholerae, often consumed with raw oysters and water.

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18
Q

____ ____ causes listeriosis through fecal contaminated food, water and milk.

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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19
Q

Listeria primarily affects:

A

primarily affects pregnant women, newborns, elderly and the immunocompromised causing a form of meningitis.
It loves your fridge! (psychrophile)

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20
Q

Typhoid Fever involves a blood infection, it is caused by

A

S. typhi (S= salmonella)

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21
Q

S. typhi is transmitted by the five Fs:

A 
Flies
Food
Fingers
Feces
Fomites (an object)
22
Q

Why is S. Typhi dangerous? Signs and Symptoms?

A

It is acid resistant, so it passes through the stomach to the small intestine with no problem.

S&S: It causes ulcers, bleeding, and pain. Goes to brain and causes delirium/hallucinations.
TYPHOS = Cloudy

23
Q

________ serotypes are often found in unpasteurized milk or poultry products; often on eggs (scramble or gamble).

A

Salmonella

24
Q

_____ and ____ are the reservoir for salmonella

A

Chickens and turkeys

25
Q

Shigellosis causes two diseases

A

Small Intestine – diarrhea; but not lethal

Large Intestine – Dysentary; bloody diarrhea

26
Q

Shigellosis is primarily caused by

A

Shigella sonnei

27
Q

Is there a vaccine for Shigellosis

A

No

28
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) does what? (skipped on slides)

A

Penetrate the intestinal epithelium and produce a toxin that causes gastroenteritis.

29
Q

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes what? (skipped on slides)

A

Diarrhea in infants, particularly where sanitation is lacking.

30
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is so deadly because it contained what toxin?

A

Shiga toxin in E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks (jack in the box; diff because had shiga toxin)

31
Q

Dental Caries organism? prevention? treatment?

A

Organism: Streptococcus mutans.

Prevention:
Fluoride and diet can prevent dental caries.
More sugar more fermentation more acid more wear on your teeth.
Treatment: fillings, crown, root canal.

32
Q

This is the study of the origin of disease

A

Etiology

33
Q

______ are produced by enterobacteria which are restricted to intestinal tract and that act on the intestinal mucosa.

A

Enterotoxins

34
Q

Dehydration

A

Loss of water and electrolytes (Sodium, potassium, calcium);
Affects nerves and muscles
Lose blood volume causing thickening
Urine production can decrease

35
Q

Listeriosis is transmitted through fecal contaminated food such as cold cuts, soft cheese and milk. It can affect pregnant women by causing perinatal infection leading to miscarriage.

In the immuno-compromised, it leads to a form of _________ .

A

Meningitis

36
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome is what

A

A rare immune reaction is Guillain-Barre syndrome causing paralysis (antibody attacks own nerves)

37
Q

H. Pylori causes what disease? describe shpe

A

causes Gastric Ulcer Disease

Description: microaerophilic, gram negative curved

38
Q

True or False: It takes 1-6 hours for symptoms of Food poisoning caused by S. Aureus

A

True

39
Q

Rice Stool is associated with what disease?

A

Cholera

40
Q

C. Diff can end in pseudomembranous colitis caused by what?

A

Cytotoxin

41
Q

What is the name of the biofilm, containing salivary proteins, food debris and bacterial cell production?

A

Dental Plaque

42
Q

how are dental caries formed?

A

You eat food>bacteria ferments that food into acid which ruins your enamel!

43
Q

Another name for dental caries?

A

tooth decay

44
Q

What is the dental pellicle?

A

tooth surface

45
Q

Is the transmission of h pylori known?

A

no

46
Q

How does H. Pylori create ulcers?

A
  1. Attaches to stomach wall, then secretes Urease.
  2. Urease digests urea, producing ammonia.
    Urea—urease | CO2 +NH3 (basic products)
  3. Ammonia neutralizes acid in that area of the infection (allowing the bacteria to survive)
  4. Ammonia+cytotoxin destroys mucous secreting cells, creating sores.
47
Q

How is H. Pylori Diagnosed? Treatment? prevention?

A

Diagnosis: drink radioactive urea. If the bacteria are there, H. Pylori will break down radioactive material, you breath out radioactive urea in a breath test.

Treatment: antiobiotics and acid reducing meds

Prevention: don’t share utensils or glasses
S&S: burning pain in stomach, bloat, bloody vomit or stools

48
Q

Campylobacteriosis is caused by what organism? What is the reservoir? How is it transmitted?

A

Organism: Campylobacter jejuni;

Description: aerophilic, gram negative rod;

Reservoir: intestinal tract of poultry, cattle; raw milk
Transmission: the fecal-oral route (from chickens)

49
Q

Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the US. It is treated with antibiotics. What are the signs and symptoms?

A

S&S:
Enterotoxin causes gastroenteritis
Cytotoxin causes bloody diarrhea

50
Q

A rare immune reaction called Guillain-Barre syndrome causing paralysis (antibody attacks own nerves) is caused by what disease?

A

Campylobacteriosis

“Guillain went to the Barr and drank so much she was paralyzed so we had to carry her back to Camp.”

51
Q

Listeriosis is caused by what organism?

What is the treatment and prevention?

A

Organism: Listeria monocytogenes
Description: Anaerobic, gram (+), rod

It loves your fridge! (psychrophile)\Treatment: antibiotic
Prevention: cook raw animal foods, sanitize utensils .

Micro-101 (7 decks)

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