chap 19 Flashcards
bio
What are the organs of the urinary system?
A) The renal cortex, renal pelvis, and renal medulla.
B) The glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, distal
convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.
C) The major and minor calyces, renal pelvis, and renal sinus.
D) The paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder and a urethra.
D) The paired kidneys, paired ureters, a bladder and a urethra.
Where are the paired kidneys located?
A) In front of the stomach
B) Behind the parietal peritoneum
C) On either side of the urinary bladder
D) Against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity
B) Behind the parietal peritoneum
The renal corpuscle includes what two structures?
A) Glomerulus and glomerular capsule
B) Glomerulus and renal tubule
C) Glomerular capsule and renal tubule
D) Renal tubule and collecting tubule
A) Glomerulus and glomerular capsule
What is the correct sequence of renal tubule segments through which filtrate would flow?
A) Proximal tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop,
distal tubule
B) Distal tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop,
proximal tubule
C) Proximal tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop,
distal tubule
D) Collecting duct, proximal tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of
nephron loop, distal tubule
C) Proximal tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop,
distal tubule
27) A nephron consists of what structures?
A) A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
B) An afferent and efferent arteriole
C) A cortex and a medulla
D) A bladder and a ureter
A) A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
A renal corpuscle is a__________, whereas a renal tubule is a__________.
A) cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the
glomerular capsule
B) special blood cell in the kidneys; tubule that leads from the kidneys to the bladder
C) storage area for urine; tubule that carries urine from the urinary bladder outside
D) glandular structure that regulates blood pressure; blood vessel that regulates the flow
of blood into the glomerulus
A) cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the
glomerular capsule
Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate then moves into the__________.
A) renal pelvis
B) minor calyx
C) renal tubule
D) ureter
C) renal tubule
What would be the likely outcome if tubular reabsorption in the nephron did not occur?
A) Accumulation of toxic waste
B) Excessive loss of fluids
C) Cessation of urination
D) Excessive retention of electrolytes and glucose
B) Excessive loss of fluids
64) About how many liters of fluid will an average adult filter through both kidneys in two
days?
A) 180
B) 250
C) 360
D) 540
C) 360
Marvin goes on vacation to Maine and for a week eats nothing but seafood. The next
week, he experiences intense pain in his big toe. What is likely Marvin’s problem?
A) Balkan endemic nephropathy
B) Diuresis
C) Edema
D) Gout
D) Gout
76) Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat__________.
A) kidney failure
B) a urinary tract infection
C) kidney stones
D) gout
C) kidney stones
The__________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.
A) ureter
B) urethra
C) collecting duct
D) nephron loop
B) urethra
79) The ureter extends downward__________ the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary
bladder from__________.
A) behind; above
B) behind; below
C) in front of; above
D) in front; below
B) behind; below
What is the trigone?
A) A group of three neighboring nephrons in a kidney.
B) A triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder.
C) A region where the glomerulus meets the glomerular capsule.
D) A muscle layer that surrounds each kidney.
B) A triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder.
What organ contains the detrusor muscle?
A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Kidneys
D) Urinary bladder
D) Urinary bladder
Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows
after its formation in the nephron?
A) Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
B) Renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
C) Calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder
D) Renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
A) Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Conscious control of micturition inhibits the micturition reflex by using nerve centers in
the__________.
A) medulla oblongata
B) spinal cord
C) brainstem and cerebral cortex
D) pons and hypothalamus
C) brainstem and cerebral cortex
What is nocturnal enuresis?
A) An infection
B) Bedwetting
C) Kidney stones
D) A form of kidney cancer
B) Bedwetting
Kidney shrinkage with age is due to__________.
A) spooling of collecting ducts
B) loss of glomeruli
C) merging of proximal and distal tubules
D) proliferating nephron loops
B) loss of glomeruli
Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the__________.
A) glomerular capsule
B) peritubular capillaries
C) glomerular capillaries
D) collecting ducts
C) glomerular capillaries
What does hemodialysis involve?
A) An artificial kidney
B) An artificial liver
C) A kidney transplant
D) A bone marrow transplant
A) An artificial kidney
During a kidney transplant procedure, the renal artery and vein of the donor kidney are
connected to the recipient’s_________.
A) renal artery and vein
B) iliac artery and vein
C) aorta and inferior vena cava
D) aorta and portal vein
B) iliac artery and vein
What is a function of the kindeys?
A) Synthesis of vitamin D
B) Regulation of blood-glucose levels
C) Excretion of carbon dioxide
D) Regulation of lymphocyte production
A) Synthesis of vitamin D
