Chap 16 Flashcards
immune system
What are pathogens?
A) A type of antibody
B) Agents that alter DNA base sequences
C) Disease-causing agents
D) Phagocytic leukocytes
C) Disease-causing agents
18) What role does the lymphatic system have in influencing body fluids?
A) It adds hypotonic fluid to any tissue fluid that has an elevated solute concentration.
B) It moves tissue fluid from one area to another, ensuring that all tissue fluid levels are consistent.
C) It provides the fluid needed to bathe tissue cells in nutrient-rich fluid.
D) It moves excess tissue fluid from the interstitium to the bloodstream.
D) It moves excess tissue fluid from the interstitium to the bloodstream.
20) Name the two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks.
A) Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
B) Lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct
C) Right and left thoracic ducts
D) Bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct
A) Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
From the collecting ducts, lymph enters__________ and becomes part of the__________.
A) lymphatic trunks; interstital fluid
B) capillaries; blood supply
C) veins; plasma
D) lymph nodes; tissue fluid
C) veins; plasma
24) What is one function of lymph?
A) Return of proteins to the tissue fluid.
B) Transport of foreign particles to the kidneys.
C) Transport of foreign particles to the lymph nodes.
D) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) Transport of foreign particles to the lymph nodes.
Lymph nodes are located throughout the body except in the__________.
A) lungs
B) central nervous system
C) mesentery
D) anal region
B) central nervous system
34) Which of the following cells function as phagocytes?
A) Macrophages
B) Lymphocytes
C) Mast cells
D) Erythrocytes
A) Macrophages
37) What feature of the spleen allows it to perform its function?
A) A large number of lymphatic vessels enter the spleen at the hilum, so that lymph can be filtered.
B) The highly permeable venous sinuses within the spleen allow blood to pass into the red pulp where it is filtered.
C) The splenic nodules of the white pulp are a site for production and maturation of lymphocytes.
D) The close proximity of lymphatic vessels to the venous sinuses allows lymph to return to the blood stream.
B) The highly permeable venous sinuses within the spleen allow blood to pass into the red pulp where it is filtered.
38) Which statement describes the spleen?
A) It consists of two lobes and is located in the mediastinum.
B) It resembles a large lymph node divided into lobules.
C) It functions to produce T lymphocytes.
D) It filters lymph.
B) It resembles a large lymph node divided into lobules.
How can the innate defenses be characterized?
A) Fast and nonspecific
B) Slow and nonspecific
C) Fast and specific
D) Slow and specific
A) Fast and nonspecific
How do viruses differ from other pathogens?
A) They are larger than most other pathogens.
B) They are more likely to cause life-threatening infections.
C) They are not capable of reproducing outside a living cell.
D) They are multicellular.
C) They are not capable of reproducing outside a living cell.
What type of phagocytic cells are circulating in the blood?
A) Neutrophils and monocytes
B) Neutrophils and macrophages
C) Monocytes and macrophages
D) Lymphocytes and monocytes
A) Neutrophils and monocytes
Mucus, tears, saliva, and hair are all examples of what type of defense against potential pathogens?
A) Adaptive defenses
B) Chemical barriers
C) Mononuclear phagocytic system
D) Mechanical barriers
D) Mechanical barriers
58) Following a tissue transplant, the transplant recipients typically need to take medications to__________.
A) stimulate their immune system
B) suppress their immune system
C) prevent blood clots from forming
D) lower their blood pressure
B) suppress their immune system
What cell types are primarily responsible for immunity?
A) Lymphocytes and macrophages
B) Neutrophils and lymphocytes
C) Monocytes and macrophages
D) Lymphocytes and monocytes
A) Lymphocytes and macrophages
61) T lymphocytes are responsible for what aspect of defense against infection?
A) Inflammation
B) Humoral immune response
C) Cellular immune response
D) Fever
C) Cellular immune response
What type of immunoglobulin is the most abundant of the circulating antibodies?
A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
D) IgG
64) What type of immune resistance will a person develop after contracting and fighting off an infection?
A) Naturally acquired active immunity
B) Artificially acquired active immunity
C) Artificially acquired passive immunity
D) Naturally acquired passive immunity
A) Naturally acquired active immunity
72) Injections of gamma globulin will provide__________ immunity
A) naturally acquired active
B) artificially acquired active
C) artificially acquired passive
D) naturally acquired passive
C) artificially acquired passive
What is the relationship between antigens and antibodies?
A) The presence of an antigen triggers the production of antibodies.
B) The presence of antibodies triggers the production of antigens.
C) Antigens function to destroy or neutralize antibodies.
D) Antibodies can be foreign cells, proteins, or other large molecules. Antigens are large proteins made by B cells.
A) The presence of an antigen triggers the production of antibodies.
79) What is the result of a cellular immune response?
A) B cells produce antibodies that attack antigens.
B) T cells produce antibodies that attack antigens.
C) T cells attach directly to cells displaying foreign antigens and destroy them.
D) B cells attach directly to cells displaying foreign antigens and destroy them.
C) T cells attach directly to cells displaying foreign antigens and destroy them.
80) How does a vaccine produce its effects?
A) By directly binding to the antigens and neutralizing them.
B) By using chemotaxis to attract antigens to areas where the vaccine can destroy them.
C) By stimulating a primary immune response.
D) By activating autoantibodies.
C) By stimulating a primary immune response.
85) If a vaccine is given to most people in a population, it can halt the spread of an infection because of__________.
A) herd immunity
B) passive immunity
C) autoimmunity
D) innate immunity
A) herd immunity
90) Anaphylactic shock is a risk with what type of hypersensitivity?
A) Type I hypersensitivity
B) Type II hypersensitivity
C) Type III hypersensitivity
D) Type IV hypersensitivity
A) Type I hypersensitivity
