anatomy 23333333 Flashcards
Human prenatal development takes__________ weeks.
A) 28
B) 32
C) 38
D) 44
C) 38
When is the postnatal period?
A) From the time of a fertilized egg until the end of life
B) From fertilization to birth
C) From birth to death
D) From the beginning of the fetal period until the beginning of childho
C) From birth to death
Where does fertilization usually occur?
A) In the ovary
B) In the uterine tube
C) In the uterus
D) In the vagina
B) In the uterine tube
Sperm movement through the uterus and uterine tubes is aided by muscle contractions of the
uterine walls and__________ in the semen.
A) estrogen
B) progestins
C) prostaglandins
D) epinephrine
C) prostaglandins
Prior to the joining (fusion) of the nuclei of the sperm and egg to form a zygote, each nucleus
is referred to as a_________.
A) prenucelus
B) mononucleus
C) pronucleus
D) gametocyte
C) pronucleus
At the blastocyst stage, the cells are considered__________.
A) totipotent
B) extraembryonic
C) pluripotent
D) endoderma
C) pluripotent
What structure develops into the embryonic stem cells?
A) Outer cell mass of the morula
B) Inner cell mass of the blastocyst
C) Cells of the allantois
D) Trophoblas
B) Inner cell mass of the blastocyst
How does fetal hemoglobin differ from adult hemoglobin?
A) Fetal hemoglobin binds has a stronger affinity for iron.
B) Fetal hemoglobin has more hemoglobin subunits.
C) Fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen more readily.
D) Fetal hemoglobin has more heme units
C) Fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen more readily.
In the fetal circulation, blood from the__________ flows directly into the descending aorta.
A) foramen ovale
B) ductus arteriosus
C) umbilical artery
D) ductus venosus
B) ductus arteriosus
What regulates the process of labor?
A) Negative feedback control
B) Positive feedback control
C) Prolactin
D) Estrogens
B) Positive feedback control
The fetus is protected from certain infections, to which the mother is immune,
by__________.
A) antibodies from the mother’s immune system
B) antibodies from its own immune system
C) its own innate defenses
D) the extraembryonic membranes
A) antibodies from the mother’s immune system
What hormones maintain the uterine wall during the last 5 to 6 months of pregnancy?
A) FSH and LH
B) Human chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens
C) Placental lactogen and relaxin
D) Placental estrogens and progesteron
D) Placental estrogens and progesteron
Considering the roles of estrogens and progesterone in the female reproductive cycle, how
would fertility be affected if a woman had a hormonal disorder involving a constant high
secretion of progesterone?
A) If ovulation occurs, the woman could become pregnant very easily because
progesterone makes the cervical mucus waterier and easily penetrable by sperm.
B) The woman would have an easier time becoming pregnant because progesterone
stimulates and controls ovulation, so the chances of fertilization would be higher.
C) Pregnancy would not be easily achieved because progesterone makes uterine and
cervical secretions too harsh for sperm survival and movement.
D) Fertility would be lower for the woman because progesterone directly inhibits sperm
tail function
C) Pregnancy would not be easily achieved because progesterone makes uterine and
cervical secretions too harsh for sperm survival and movement
The ductus venosus is a fetal vessel that transports blood from the umbilical vein to
the__________.
A) umbilical artery
B) aorta
C) inferior vena cava
D) superior vena cava
C) inferior vena cava
The foramen ovale is an opening that allows fetal blood to pass between what two chambers
of the heart?
A) Right atrium to the left atrium
B) Left atrium to right atrium
C) Right ventricle to the left ventricle
D) Left ventricle to the right ventricl
A) Right atrium to the left atrium
The fetal blood that passes through the ductus venosus is relatively_________ in oxygen
and__________ in nutrients.
A) low; low
B) high; high
C) low; high
D) high; low
B) high; high
A difference between fetal blood flow and adult blood flow is that in the fetus
the__________ contains blood high in oxygen.
A) inferior vena cava
B) pulmonary artery
C) femoral vein
D) left ventricle
A) inferior vena cava
What are teratogens?
A) Substances that stimulate embryonic growth
B) Substances that cause congenital malformations
C) Substances that protect against infections
D) Substances that cause genetic disease
B) Substances that cause congenital malformation
What is a function of hCG?
A) It breaks down the corpus luteum.
B) It protects the blastocyst from being rejected.
C) It prevents the developing placenta from secreting hormones.
D) It stimulates the release of enzymes that enable the blastocyst to implant into the
endometrium
B) It protects the blastocyst from being rejected.
What is the function of the placenta?
A) Allows oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from maternal blood to the embryo.
B) Allows carbon dioxide and other wastes to diffuse from the maternal blood to the
embryonic blood.
C) Allows maternal blood to mix with fetal blood.
D) Allows the fetus to enlarge without rupturing the mother’s abdome
A) Allows oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from maternal blood to the embryo.
What is the function of amniotic fluid?
A) It stores nutrients for the fetus.
B) It absorbs wastes that the fetus excretes.
C) It protects the embryo against being jarred by movements.
D) It provides nutrients to the fetus from the maternal part of the placent
C) It protects the embryo against being jarred by movements.
What is the function of the yolk sac?
A) It forms blood cells in early development.
B) It provides nutrients to the fetus when the umbilical cord is disconnected.
C) It stores metabolic wastes until the fetus is born.
D) It gives rise to the primary germ layer
A) It forms blood cells in early development.
The term newborn refers to the period from birth through__________, whereas the term
infant refers to the period from__________.
A) the first 3 months; 3 months to 6 months
B) the first four weeks; the first month to 1 year
C) the first week; the second week through the second year
D) the first year; the first year to the second ye
B) the first four weeks; the first month to 1 year
Following birth, the infant’s metabolic rate__________ and its oxygen
consumption_________.
A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; decrease
A) increases; increases
