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Med Term - Exam 4 > Chap 18 - Endocrine Review > Flashcards

Chap 18 - Endocrine Review Flashcards

1
Q

behind the stomach ______________

A

pancreas

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2
Q

posterior side of the thyroid gland _____________

A

parathyroid

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3
Q

inner section of glands above each kidney___________

A

adrenal medulla

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4
Q

in the scrotal sac _______________

A

testis

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5
Q

on either side of the trachea _______________

A

thyroid gand

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6
Q

outer section of gland above each kidney _____________

A

adrenal cortex

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7
Q

lower abdomen of a female ____________

A

ovary

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8
Q

below the brain in the sella turcica ______________

A

pituitary (hypophysis)

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9
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone

A

anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

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10
Q

vasopressin

A

posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis)

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11
Q

aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex

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12
Q

insulin

A

beta islet cells of the pancreas

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13
Q

thyroxine

A

thyroid gland

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14
Q

cortisol

A

adrenal cortex

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15
Q

gonadotropic hormones

A

anterior pituitary gland; these hormones are FSH and LH

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16
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

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17
Q

oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary gland

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18
Q

prolactin

A

anterior pituitary gland

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19
Q

growth hormone

A

anterior pituitary gland

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20
Q

glucagon

A

alpha islet cells of the pancreas

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21
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

anterior pituitary gland

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22
Q

estradiol

A

ovaries

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23
Q

progesterone

A

ovaries

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24
Q

testosterone

A

testes

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25
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

anterior pituitary gland

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26
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

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27
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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28
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

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29
Q

FSH

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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30
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

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31
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

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32
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

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33
Q

PRL

A

prolactin

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34
Q

T4

A

thyroxine; tetraiodothyronine

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35
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

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36
Q

OT

A

oxytocin

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37
Q

STH

A

somatotropin (growth hormone)

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38
Q

sympathomimetic; raises heart rate and blood pressure

A

epinephrine

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39
Q

promotes growth and maintenance of male sex characteristics

A

testosterone

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40
Q

stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine output

A

ADH

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41
Q

increases metabolism in body cells

A

thyroxine

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42
Q

raises blood calcium

A

parathyroid hormone

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43
Q

increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney tubules

A

aldosterone

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44
Q

stimulates secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex

A

ACTH

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45
Q

increases blood sugar

A

cortisol

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46
Q

helps transport glucose to cells; decreases blood sugar

A

insulin

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47
Q

develops and maintains female sex characteristics

A

estradiol

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48
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

hyper-secretion

adrenal cortex

cortisol

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49
Q

tetany

A

hypo-secretion

parathyroid gland

parathyroid hormone

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50
Q

Graves disease

A

hyper-secretion

thyroid gland

thyroxine

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51
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

hypo-secretion

neurohypophysis

ADH

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52
Q

acromegaly

A

hyper-secretion

adenohypophysis

GH

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53
Q

myxedema

A

hypo-secretion

thyroid gland

thyroxine

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54
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

hypo-secretion

pancreas

insulin

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55
Q

Addison disease

A

hypo-secretion

adrenal cortex

aldosterone and cortisol

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56
Q

gigantism

A

hypersecretion

adenohypophysis

GH

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57
Q

endemic goiter

A

hypo-secretion

thyroid gland

thyroxine

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58
Q

cretinism

A

hypo-secretion

thyroid gland

thyroxine

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59
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

hyper-secretion

adrenal medulla

epinephrine

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60
Q

abnormal condition (poison) of the thyroid gland:

A

thyrotoxicosis

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61
Q

removal of the pancreas:

A

pancreatectomy

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62
Q

condition of deficiency or underdevelopment of the sex organs:

A

hypogonadism

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63
Q

pertaining to producing female (characteristics):

A

estrogenic

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64
Q

removal of the pituitary gland:

A

hypophysectomy

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65
Q

deficiency of calcium in the blood:

A

hypocalcemia

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66
Q

excessive sugar in the blood:

A

hyperglycemia

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67
Q

inflammation of the thyroid gland:

A

thyroiditis

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68
Q

specialist in the study of hormone disorders:

A

endocrinologist

69
Q

hyponatremia

A

deficient sodium in the blood

70
Q

polydipsia

A

condition of excessive thirst

71
Q

hyperkalemia

A

excessive potassium in the blood

72
Q

hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in the blood

73
Q

hypoglycemia

A

deficient sugar in the blood

74
Q

glycosuria

A

condition of sugar in the urine

75
Q

euthyroid

A

normal thyroid function

76
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

condition of increased secretion from the thyroid gland

77
Q

tetany

A

constant muscle contraction (result of hypoparathyroidism)

78
Q

keoacidosis

A

condition of excessive ketones (acids) in the blood as a result of diabetes mellitus

79
Q

gonadotropins

A

the male and female sex organs (ovaries and testes); examples of gonadotropins are FSH and LH

80
Q

somatotropin

A

bones; another name for somatotropin is growth hormone

81
Q

thyrotropin

A

thyroid gland; another name for thyrotropin is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

82
Q

adrenocorticotropin

A 
adrenal cortex; another name for adrenocorticotropin is
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
83
Q

steroids

A

complex substances derived from cholesterol; hormones from the adrenal cortex and sex hormones are steroids

84
Q

catecholamines

A

complex substances derived from an amino acid; epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are examples

85
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

86
Q

tetany

A

continuous contractions of muscles associated with low levels of parathyroid hormone

87
Q

exophthalmos

A

eyeballs that bulge outward; associated with hyperthyroidism

88
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex (outer region of the adrenal gland) that influence salt (minerals such as sodium and potassium) metabolism

89
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal

environment

90
Q

sympathomimetic

A

a substance that mimics the action of the sympathetic nerves; epinephrine (adrenaline) is an example

91
Q

glucocorticoids

A

steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex that influence sugar metabolism in the body

92
Q

epinephrine

A

catecholamine hormone from the adrenal medulla; adrenaline

93
Q

glycogen

A

animal starch; storage form of glucose

94
Q

androgen

A

male hormone; testosterone is an example

95
Q

corticosteroid

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; cortisol is an example

96
Q

oxytocin

A

hormone from the posterior lobe of the pituitary that stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor

97
Q

tetraiodothyronine

A

major hormone from the thyroid gland; thyroxine (contains four iodine atoms)

98
Q

adrenal virilism

A

abnormal secretion of androgens from the adrenal cortex produces masculine characteristics in a female

99
Q

thyroid carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the thyroid gland

100
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hair on the body (result of excessive secretion of androgens)

101
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of extremities (excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty)

102
Q

estradiol

A

female hormone; an estrogen

103
Q

type 1

A

destruction of the beta cells (islets of Langerhans); insulin is not produced

104
Q

diabetic neuropathy

A

destruction of nerves as a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus

105
Q

ketoacidosis

A

abnormal condition of high levels of ketones (acids) in the blood as a result of improper burning of fats; fats are burned because the cells do not have sugar available as a result of lack of insulin or inability of insulin to act

106
Q

hypoglycemia

A

too little sugar in the blood; this can occur if too much insulin is taken by a diabetic patient

107
Q

type 2

A

insulin deficiency and resistance by target tissue to the action of insulin

108
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

destruction of blood vessels in the retina as a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus

109
Q

diabetic coma

A

unconsciousness caused by high levels of sugar in the blood; water leaves cells to balance the large amounts of sugar in the blood, leading to cellular dehydration

110
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A

destruction of the kidneys as a secondary complication of diabetes mellitus

111
Q

atherosclerosis

A

collection of fatty plaque in arteries

112
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high level of sugar in the blood; insulin is unavailable or unable to transport sugar from the blood into
cells

113
Q

gastroparesis

A

decreased gastric motility (-paresis means slight paralysis); secondary complication of diabetes

114
Q

insulin shock

A

hypoglycemic shock caused by an overdose of insulin, decreased intake of food, or excessive exercise

115
Q

thyroid scan

A

Radioactive compound is given, and the thyroid gland is imaged using a scanning device.

116
Q

fasting plasma glucose

A

Measurement of blood sugar levels in a fasting patient (at least 4 hours) and after intervals of 30 minutes and 1, 2, and 3 hours after ingestion of glucose.

117
Q

exophthalmometry

A

Measurement of eyeball protrusion (symptom of Graves disease)

118
Q

thyroid function test

A

Measurement of T3, T4, and TSH in the bloodstream

119
Q

aden/o

120
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

121
Q

andr/o

122
Q

calc/o, calci/o

123
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex, outer region

124
Q

crin/o

125
Q

dips/o

126
Q

estr/o

127
Q

gluc/o

A

glucose; sugar

128
Q

glyc/o

A

glucose; sugar

129
Q

gonad/o

A

sex glands

130
Q

home/o

A

sameness; unchanging; constant

131
Q

hormon/o

132
Q

insulin/o

133
Q

kal/i

134
Q

lact/o

135
Q

myx/o

136
Q

natr/o

137
Q

pancreat/o

138
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

139
Q

phys/o

140
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

141
Q

somat/o

142
Q

ster/o

A

solid structure; steroid

143
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid gland; shield

144
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

145
Q

toc/o

A

labor, birth

146
Q

toxic/o

147
Q

ur/o

A

urine; urinary tract

148
Q

-agon

A

assemble, gather

149
Q

-ectomy

A

removal; excision; resection

150
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

151
Q

-genic

A

produced by or in

152
Q

-in, -ine

153
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

154
Q

-oid

A

resembling; originating from

155
Q

-osis

A

condition, usually abnormal

156
Q

-physis

157
Q

-stasis

A

stopping; controlling; placing

158
Q

-tocin

A

labor; birth (a substance for)

159
Q

-tropin

A

stimulate; act on

160
Q

-uria

A

urination; condition of urine

161
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

162
Q

hyper-

A

excessive; above

163
Q

hypo-

A

deficient; below; under; less than normal

164
Q

oxy-

A

rapid, sharp, acid

165
Q

pan-

166
Q

poly-

A

many, increased

167
Q

tetra-

168
Q

tri-

Med Term - Exam 4 (9 decks)

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